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Rape is a fact of life for the incarcerated. Can American society maintain the commitment expressed in recent federal legislation to eliminate the rampant and costly sexual abuse that has been institutionalized into its system of incarceration? Each year, as many as 200,000 individuals are victims of various types of sexual abuse perpetrated in American prisons, jails, juvenile detention facilities, and lockups. As many as 80,000 of them suffer violent or repeated rape. Those who are outside the incarceration experience are largely unaware of this ongoing physical and mental damage—abuses that not only affect the victims and perpetrators, but also impose vast costs on society as a whole. This book supplies a uniquely full account of this widespread sexual abuse problem. Author Michael Singer has drawn on official reports to provide a realistic assessment of the staggering financial cost to society of this sexual abuse, and comprehensively addressed the current, severely limited legal procedures for combating sexual abuse in incarceration. The book also provides an evaluation of the Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003 and its recently announced national standards, and assesses their likely future impact on the institution of prison rape in America.
Over the past four decades, the rate of incarceration in the United States has skyrocketed to unprecedented heights, both historically and in comparison to that of other developed nations. At far higher rates than the general population, those in or entering U.S. jails and prisons are prone to many health problems. This is a problem not just for them, but also for the communities from which they come and to which, in nearly all cases, they will return. Health and Incarceration is the summary of a workshop jointly sponsored by the National Academy of Sciences(NAS) Committee on Law and Justice and the Institute of Medicine(IOM) Board on Health and Select Populations in December 2012. Academics, practitioners, state officials, and nongovernmental organization representatives from the fields of healthcare, prisoner advocacy, and corrections reviewed what is known about these health issues and what appear to be the best opportunities to improve healthcare for those who are now or will be incarcerated. The workshop was designed as a roundtable with brief presentations from 16 experts and time for group discussion. Health and Incarceration reviews what is known about the health of incarcerated individuals, the healthcare they receive, and effects of incarceration on public health. This report identifies opportunities to improve healthcare for these populations and provides a platform for visions of how the world of incarceration health can be a better place.
Federal and State Law
This study examines prison sexual violence in adult and juvenile New York State prisons. To an inmate, the formal structure of a prison – its planned work, recreation, and rehabilitation – may be a thin veneer. The ‘real’ world is the social environment, created by the convict community, and sexual violence is a traditional part of that environment. A range of sexual behaviors, all perceived as threatening and offensive by the targets of aggressors were examined, with discussion on the nature of the overture, the physical and verbal response of the target, his thoughts and feelings, the living patterns resulting from sexual pressure, and how peers and staff react. In this population, sexual aggression is shown to be racially-based: most aggressors were black, and most victims were white, of a slighter build than the aggressor, and perceived as having feminine physical and personality characteristics. About half of the 152 incidents examined involved physical violence, half initiated by aggressors coercing targets; the rest from targets reacting to threats. Both aggressors and targets tended to come from outside and prison social subcultures which used aggression as a primary means of relieving frustration and irritation. After fights, targets reported that aggressors left them alone, that they moved around the prison with less fear, felt better about themselves, and had a higher status among other prisoners. Sexual attacks increased fear, and victims continued to be affected emotionally months after the event. Prison staff did not usually intervene directly in the incidents, nor is there evidence that such intervention would be effective in reducing the problem. The author recommends the provision of program alternatives such as the Alternatives to Violence (AVP) and other conflict resolutions programs. (NCJRS, modified).
Sex in prison remains a taboo subject. This comprehensive volume explores prison sex, presenting original research on consensual and nonconsensual intercourse, as well as the effects of conjugal visitation policies and HIV/AIDS management.
Drawing on a range of research and media sources to provide an international perspective on the topic of prison violence, this book focuses on the impact of such violence on the individual both while he or she is incarcerated and upon his or her release from prison, as well as on society as a whole. With a special emphasis on comparisons of violence among incarcerated populations in the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom, Prison Violence: Causes, Consequences and Solutions explores the various systems that exist to combat the problem, whilst also considering public perceptions of offenders and punishment, as influenced by media and coverage of high-profile cases. Providing a comprehensive analysis of prison violence on national and international levels, this book examines the extent of the problem, theoretical understandings of the issue and concrete solutions designed to prevent and handle such violence. As such, it will be of interest to policy makers as well as scholars of sociology, criminology and penology.
Treatment of Family Violence A Sourcebook Edited by Robert T. Ammerman and Michel Hersen This book examines the current status of therapeutic approaches for families engaged in abuse or neglect. It offers critical explorations of the various types of family violence and the interventions developed to remediate or prevent maltreatment. One of the first surveys of the literature for all major forms of family violence, this book reflects cross-disciplinary and multitheoretical approaches to its treatment and prevention. 1990 (0 471-61023-2) 461 pp. Secret Survivors Uncovering Incest and Its Aftereffects in Women E. Sue Blume "This book should be read by every adult abused as a child and by every person who loves them … should be required reading for every medical student, every criminal and every person from judge to jailor in the criminal justice system." —Elizabeth Morgan, MD This is the first book on incest that focuses not on what incest is, but what it does to those scarred by it. Based on Blume’s widely adopted "Incest Survivor’s Aftereffects Checklist," now a standard diagnostic tool for clinicians and counselors, it offers a clear path towards a rich and empowered life, and toward breaking the cycle of incest. 1990 (0 471-61843-8) 326 pp. Multiple Personality Disorder Diagnosis, Clinical Features, and Treatment Colin A. Ross This important book offers a comprehensive account of the history, etiology, diagnosis, phenomenology, and treatment of multiple personality disorder (MPD). While it offers a stimulating account of the cultural history of MPD, it also provides the most detailed description of both general principles and specific treatment methods currently available. Multiple Personality Disorder is an indispensable addition to the reference libraries of sexual abuse clinics, child abuse agencies, and correctional organizations. 1989 (0 471-61515-3) 380 pp.
"Barry" is a seventeen-year-old single white male. He has blond hair and blue eyes, weighs 150 pounds, and is five feet eleven inches tall. He was arrested in California at age sixteen for assault and robbery. Because he was underage he was initially segregated in a one-man cell while in county jail. Then, upon admission to a state prison recep tion and classification facility, he was housed in a special dormitory for young, inexperienced inmates who would be at risk within the general population. Upon completion of his screening Barry's counselor recommended that he be sent to a penal institution reserved for the younger, more violence-prone, and hard core inmates. Barry said that he felt he would have "prob lems" at the recommended facility, but his counselor replied, "You won't have any problems." Once he arrived, Barry was double-celled with a nineteen-year-old inmate who beat and anally raped him during his first night in the admission unit. Barry's cellmate continued to assault him sexually during the two weeks they were housed together.