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This volume of three books presents recent advances in modelling, planning and evaluating city logistics for sustainable and liveable cities based on the application of ICT (Information and Communication Technology) and ITS (Intelligent Transport Systems). It highlights modelling the behaviour of stakeholders who are involved in city logistics as well as planning and managing policy measures of city logistics including cooperative freight transport systems in public-private partnerships. Case studies of implementing and evaluating city logistics measures in terms of economic, social and environmental benefits from major cities around the world are also given.
This publication reviews wooden furniture markets in United States, Canada, China, Japan, Egypt, France, Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Spain, Italy, Denmark, and Sweden. For each country, it provides an overview of basic demand factors and market drivers, the domestic furniture industry, market trends and developments, distribution channels, and market access conditions. It deals with technical standards, as well as international and national certification schemes in the furniture sector, and identifies furniture networks and clusters. It outlines a strategy for developing the wooden furniture sector in tropical countries and outlines step-by step value-added processing of wooden furniture in tropical countries, based on local conditions. It also includes statistical data, selected German furniture standards, a list of useful contacts in China, and list of members of the Global Forest and Trade Network.
EUCOTAX Series on European Taxation Volume 54 EU Citizenship and Direct Taxation is the first book to investigate in detail how the Court of Justice of the European Union (ECJ) has tried to reconcile specific national direct tax rules with the general European Union (EU) principle of free movement of persons from the perspective of EU citizenship. Freedom of movement is a key principle of the EU resulting in the right of every EU citizen to move and reside freely within the EU. Many EU citizens work in the other Member States than their Member State of origin. Direct taxes are not as such covered in the treaties and therefore have a much smaller basis for harmonization at EU level than indirect taxes. As a result, decisions of ECJ on the clash between the EU principle of free movement and Member States' direct tax rules have a significant effect on national direct tax systems. This book focuses on the relation between free movement rights of EU citizens and the legal autonomy of Member States in the area of direct taxation. What's in this book: The book's incomparably thorough analysis of the distinctive evolution, mainly via ECJ case law, of the relation between the EU principle of free movement of persons and Member States' direct tax rules includes in-depth discussion of the following elements and more: the concept of EU citizenship in the EU's constitutional and institutional development; how the ECJ has interpreted the concept of free movement with regard to economically inactive persons; how the notion of EU citizenship has widened the ECJ's view on treaty access; how the ECJ has addressed the clash between free movement of persons and direct taxation in the EU's constitutional context; and numerous tax policy initiatives with regard to EU citizens before and after the Treaty of Lisbon. The willingness at EU level to make EU citizenship a key driver behind the European integration process relates to the purpose of this study. This book explains that the ECJ is reconceptualizing the market freedoms relating to the free movement of persons as part of a broader EU citizenship right for all economically active EU citizens to pursue an economic activity in a cross-border context; a right beyond the aim of realization of the internal market. How this will help you: This book proceeds confidently through the maze of rules that relate to the notion of EU citizenship and gives a broad understanding of the concept of EU citizenship in the EU's constitutional and institutional development. As an extremely important analysis of the influence of EU law on the direct tax autonomy of Member States, this book will be a great influence in the practice and study of taxation in the EU.
Companies and other Business Structures in South Africa offers a unique synthesis of legal and accounting expertise to provide a clear, practical and authoritative overview of company law and particularly the far-reaching changes introduced by the Companies Act, No 71 of 2008. The book integrates common law and an applied, business orientated approach, providing an invaluable analysis of the purpose and rationale of the new provisions. It provides a careful explanation of the concepts and principles of company law, highlights how the legislative provisions of the new Companies Act depart from the existing company law regime, and considers their impact and relevance for companies and the legal and accounting professions. This book has been written primarily for students of commerce studying the compulsory undergraduate course on the law of companies and other business structures. Companies and other Business Structures in South Africa is designed to comply with the sugg ested syllabus for commercial law as outlined in the SAICA education requirements for Part 1 of the Qualifying Examination (revised 2005). Endorsed by SAIPA.
Our Constitution speaks in general terms of liberty and property, of the privileges and immunities of citizens, and of the equal protection of the laws--open-ended phrases that seem to invite readers to reflect in them their own visions and agendas. Yet, recognizing that the Constitution cannot be merely what its interpreters wish it to be, this volume's authors draw on literary and mathematical analogies to explore how the fundamental charter of American government should be construed today.
Shareholders throughout the world are becoming more assertive in pursuing their rights against companies and directors. The law is developing in all jurisdictions to make it easier for shareholders to assert their rights by bringing claims in front of the court. Recent cases have seen a growth in both institutional shareholders such as pension funds and groups of individual shareholders taking action. Shareholder Claims provides practical guidance on bringing claims including derivative claims under the UK Companies Act 2006, and claims under the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000, equivalent procedure in European centres and class action procedure in USA, Canada and Australia. Written for both shareholders taking action and companies defending themselves.