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For readers who intend to read this volume without reading the first, some in troductory remarks are in order about the scope of the work and the strategy used in all five volumes to measure the qUality of life. In the frrst chapter of Volume I, I reviewed the relevant recent literature on social indicators and so cial reporting, and explained all the general difficulties involved in such work. It would be redundant to repeat that discussion here, but there are some fundamental points that are worth mentioning. Readers who fmd this account too brief should consult the longer discussion. The basic question that will be answered in this work is this: Is there a difference in the quality of life in Canada and the United States of America, and if so, in which country is it better? Alternatively, one could put the question thus: If one individual were randomly selected out of Canada and another out of the United States, would there be important qualitative differences, and if so, which one would probably be better off? To simplify matters, I often use the terms 'Canadian' and 'American' as abbreviations for 'a randomly selected resident' of Canada or the United States, respec tively.
In English and French. Text in English or French.
This monograph is principally the work of the late Martin Norr. He completed a draft of the entire monograph but had not yet revised it when he died in late 1972. At that time, the integration of corporate and shareholder taxation was just beginning to become of widespread interest in the United States. With the increasing interest thereafter, the International Tax Program began to revise his manuscript, making as few changes as possible in the original draft. We had the benefit of criticism and analysis from Professor Richard M. Bird of the University of Toronto, now Director of the Institute of Policy Analysis there. In addition, Mr. Mitsuo Sato of the Ministry of Finance in Japan gave freely of his time in carefully suggesting changes throughout the manuscript. The present version of Chapter 3 owes a great deal to his additions and suggestions. Thanks are also due to Professor Hugh J. Ault of Boston College Law School for the Appendix, containing his description of the German integration system that became effective in 1977, which was first published in Law & Policy in International Business. Mr. Norr's interest in the subject of corporate and shareholder taxation developed while he was writing the International Tax Program's World Tax Series volume Taxation in France, published in 1966. The integration of French taxes on corporations and shareholders took place just after that volume was finished, but had been under discussion in France for some time before then.
Challenging standard dependency theory, William Carroll argues from empirical evidence that Canada's financial-industrial elite have maintained and consolidated their competitive position at the centre of an inter-corporate network. Corporate Power and Canadian Capitalism thus acknowledges the unusually high degree to which capital is concentrated in a relatively few giant corporations in Canada, but it denies that these commercial interests are subordinated to American corporate capital. To test the validity of this new perspective on the transformation of indigenous capitalists into a national bourgeoisie, Carroll traces the accumulation of capital in the largest Canadian corporations and the institutional relations that have existed among the same firms since World War II. Instead of selling out to foreign capital, Canadian firms have in fact become increasingly interlocked, and Canadian-controlled firms have been and continue to be the focus of both the industrial and financial sectors, with foreign-controlled companies occupying decidedly peripheral positions. From this interpretative position, Canada's development is seen as markedly similar to that of other advanced capitalist countries, culminating in consolidation of control under an elite accompanied both by penetration of foreign economies by domestic financial capitalists and a concomitant penetration of the domestic economy by foreign capital.