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The coronavirus pandemic has upended local, national, and global food systems, and put the Sustainable Development Goals further out of reach. But lessons from the world’s response to the pandemic can help address future shocks and contribute to food system change. In the 2021 Global Food Policy Report, IFPRI researchers and other food policy experts explore the impacts of the pandemic and government policy responses, particularly for the poor and disadvantaged, and consider what this means for transforming our food systems to be healthy, resilient, efficient, sustainable, and inclusive. Chapters in the report look at balancing health and economic policies, promoting healthy diets and nutrition, strengthening social protection policies and inclusion, integrating natural resource protection into food sector policies, and enhancing the contribution of the private sector. Regional sections look at the diverse experiences around the world, and a special section on finance looks at innovative ways of funding food system transformation. Critical questions addressed include: - Who felt the greatest impact from falling incomes and food system disruptions caused by the pandemic? - How can countries find an effective balance among health, economic, and social policies in the face of crisis? - How did lockdowns affect diet quality and quantity in rural and urban areas? - Do national social protection systems such as cash transfers have the capacity to protect poor and vulnerable groups in a global crisis? - Can better integration of agricultural and ecosystem polices help prevent the next pandemic? - How did companies accelerate ongoing trends in digitalization and integration to keep food supply chains moving? - What different challenges did the pandemic spark in Asia, Africa, and Latin America and how did these regions respond?
For a country that has a poor track record against infectious diseases, Pakistan is punching above its weight in the fight against COVID-19. In this collection of articles and analysis, we dive into the COVID-19 challenges and opportunities, examine the powerhouse cities that will drive growth going forward, analyze the role of the IT-BPO, textiles, and tourism industries, and take a close look at the little-known town of Sialkot, which has emerged as a major sports goods hub.
As most countries in the world Guatemala has been affected by COVID-19. In January 2020 the country decreed travel bans from China, which were later expanded to other countries. Still, Guatemala had the first confirmed COVID case in March 13 and the first death in March 15. Some days before that, on March 5, the government had declared the “state of calamity” (Declaración del Estado de Calamidad Pública - Decreto Gubernativo Número 5-2020), which allowed the government to limit different rights, and to take different actions to protect the health and safety of all persons in Guatemala. This brief note covers the following topics until the time of this report. First, it shows the evolution of the pandemic, using different indicators. Second, it summarizes the main policy responses and costs and financing. Third, it shows some actual impacts with available data up to the time of this writing. Fourth, the modeling framework for the simulations is briefly presented. Fifth, the document presents simulations of different scenarios for the evolution of Guatemala’s economy until year 2022. A final section discusses some preliminary policy considerations. Subsequent reports will update the information of this document and sharpen de policy conclusions.
Due to the global pandemic generated by the COVID-19 the government of Honduras declared “state of emergency” in Feburay (“Estado de Emergencia en el Territorio Nacional a través del Decreto Ejecutivo Número PCM- 005-2020, 10 de febrero 2020). The country suffered the first confirmed COVID-19 case on March 12th, 2020. The first death was registered on March 26th. This short note covers the following topics until the time of this report. First, it shows the evolution of the pandemic, using different indicators. Second, it summarizes the main policy responses and costs and financing implied. Third, it shows some actual impacts with available data. Fourth, the modeling framework for the simulations is briefly presented. Fifth, it simulates different scenarios for the evolution of the Honduras’ economy until year 2022. A final section discusses some preliminary policy considerations. Subsequent reports will update the information of this document and sharpen de policy conclusions.
The country is facing a damaging combination of political, economic, social, and health crises, playing out amidst extreme uncertainty. The current situation is to a large extent the continuation of a very complex political and social history. The more recent period opened after the ousting of the dictator JeanClaude Duvalier (known as Baby Doc) in 1986 and a sequence of military governments, when in 1990 Haiti had the first free election in modern history. The democratically elected president, Jean-Bertrand Aristide, was then driven from office by yet another military coup in 1991 but, after UN sanctions, free elections were again held in 1995. Concerns about security and the limitations of the fragile government to keep peace led to the establishment of the United Nations Mission in Haiti (UNMIH), a peacekeeping operation carried out between September 1993 and June 1996. The Mission was reestablished (MINUSTAH) in April 2004, after a rebellion took over most of Haiti and President Bertrand Aristide resigned. MINUSTAH ended in 2017, when it was replaced by a new UN compact (see below). Since 1995 there have been a sequence of free elections, but not without controversies and violence. In addition, the country suffered a series of very damaging natural disasters during this period, particularly the lethal earthquake of 2010 (from which Haiti has never fully recovered), but also a series of tropical storms and hurricanes (tropical storm Jeanne in 2004; hurricane Dennis in 2005; further tropical storms in 2008; hurricane Sandy in 2012; and hurricane Matthew in 2016, the strongest in decades). Recently, Haiti also experienced drought conditions that affected agricultural production. Furthermore, at the end of 2010 a cholera outbreak was reported, which ended up killing thousands of people, and whose source was a camp of UN peace-keeping soldiers.
Due to the global pandemic generated by COVID-19 the government of Honduras declared a “state of emergency” in February (“Estado de Emergencia en el Territorio Nacional a través del Decreto Ejecu-tivo Número PCM- 005-2020, 10 de febrero 2020). The country suffered the first confirmed COVID-19 case on March 12th, 2020. The first death was registered on March 26, 2020. This document updates a previous report (Díaz Bonilla, Laborde, and Piñeiro, 2021) on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on food systems in Honduras. First, it brings up to date the evolution of the pandemic, using different indicators. Second, it summarizes the main policy responses, costs, and fi-nancing. Third, it updates the evolution of key variables up to the time of this writing (June 2021). Fourth, there is a more detailed analysis of the evolution of some food value chains that are central for food consumption in Honduras. Fifth, main results for 2021 and 2022 of previous modeling work are briefly presented. A final section discusses policy considerations in light of the updated analysis.