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This report provides the status of information, including research needs, on the performance of materials containing polymers used to repair portland cement concrete. The following types of repair materials were covered: sealant type materials for repairing active cracks, and polymer adhesives, polymer mortars and concretes, and polymer-modified mortars and concretes for repairing spalls and dormant cracks and for placing overlays. This report is considered a first step in the process of developing performance tests and criteria and is intended to serve as a guide in selecting performance requirements, degradation factors, properties related to performance, and relevant existing test methods and their parameters. Keywords: Overlays, Repair materials, Sealants, Spalls, Test methods.
The Fourth International Conference on Concrete Repair, Rehabilitation and Retrofitting (ICCRRR 2015) was held 5-7 October 2015 in Leipzig, Germany. This conference is a collaborative venture by researchers from the South African Research Programme in Concrete Materials (based at the Universities of Cape Town and The Witwatersrand) and the Material Science Group at Leipzig University and The Leipzig Institute for Materials Research and Testing (MFPA) in Germany. ICCRRR 2015 continues to seek and to extend a sound base of theory and practice in repair and rehabilitation, through both theoretical andexperimental studies, and through good case study literature. Two key aspects need to be addressed: that of developing sound and easily applied standard practices for repair, possibly codified, and the need to study seriously the service performance of repaired structures and repair systems. In fact, without making substantial efforts to implement the latter goal, much of the effort in repair and rehabilitation may prove to be less than economical or satisfactory. The conference proceedings contain papers presented at the conference which can be grouped under the six main themes of (i) Concrete durability aspects, (ii) Condition assessment of concrete structures, (iii) Modern materials technology, (iv) Concrete repair, rehabilitation and retrofitting, (v) Performance and health monitoring and (vi) Education, research and specifications. The large number of high quality papers presented and the wide range of relevant topics covered confirm that these proceedings will be a valued reference for many working in this important field and that they will form a suitable base for discussion and provide suggestions for future development and research. Set of book of abstracts (244 pp) and a searchable full paper CD-ROM (1054 pp).
Two computerized data bases, (a) structure-description and (b) damage and repair, were compiled. The structure-description data base contains basic information (location, category, age, purpose, etc.) on 766 projects. The damage and repair data base contains information on the current condition of the concrete in the Corps' civil works structures as determined through detailed reviews of over 2000 periodic inspection reports. To assist in the analysis, a number of computer programs were developed to manipulate and search the data bases. This analysis concentrated on the types of deficiencies observed, the cause (if reported), location within the structure, and degree of damage. Also, if the deficiency had been repaired, the material or technique or boh that were used and the performance were analyzed. This identification and assessment of problems relating to evaluation, maintenance, and repair of concrete will provide guidance in developing and establishing priorities for research in the Repair, Evaluation, Maintenance, and Rehabilitation (REMR) Research Program. Originator-supplied keywords: Causes of concrete deficiencies; Concrete structures; Condition evaluations; Damage to concrete; Deficiencies in concrete; Hydraulic structures; Maintenance of concrete; Repair of concrete; REMR (Repair, Evaluation, Maintenance, and Rehabilitation) Research Program.
The results of a study to develop performance criteria for cement-based repair materials are summarized herein. Results of laboratory tests and field performance studies were correlated and guidance for selection of repair materials that would reduce the risk of premature failures was developed. This guidance includes a standard protocol for repair material data sheets and proposed performance criteria. Results of this study illustrate the significant effect of drying shrinkage on the performance of restrained repair materials. While there was a general correlation between the results of laboratory tests on unrestrained shrinkage specimens and field performance, there is a need for restrained shrinkage tests to evaluate the cracking resistance of repair materials. Although there was a general lack of significant correlation between individual material properties and field performance, results of this study indicate that it is possible to predict the field performance of repair materials based on a combination of material properties determined in laboratory tests. Results of this study emphasize the need for a comprehensive analytical model to predict the cracking resistance of repair materials that considers the interrelationship of pertinent material properties, the relative importance of individual properties, and the effect of environmental conditions on time-dependent material properties.
Concrete mixtures were evaluated to determine which were most suited for placement underwater in thin lifts. The concretes were proportioned to have good workability, good abrasion erosion resistance, and good resistance to washing out of the cement paste. High-range water reducers (HRWR) were used to increase the workability and permit the use of low water cement ratios (W/C) to increase the resistance to abrasion erosion. Low W/C, silica fume, and antiwashout admixtures (AWA) were used to increase the resistance to washout. A washout test was used to determine the relative amount of cement paste lost when the concrete is exposed to a large volume of water. The two-point workability test was used to evaluate the relative workability properties of each mixture. The slump and air content were also measured for most of the mixtures. The test method for abrasion erosion resistance of concrete (underwater method) was used to determine the abrasion erosion resistance of each mixture. The results of these tests were used to determine the combination of materials necessary to produce concrete with the desired properties. Significant correlations that exist between the two-point measurements and washout measurements were examined. The effects that W/C, HRWR's, AWA's, fly ash, and silica fume have upon washout resistance and abrasion-erosion resistance were examined.