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This book highlights current efforts and research in Malaysia on conversion of bio-resources to renewable energy of biofuel as an alternative way of producing energy from fossil-based fuels. The book starts with the renewable energy developments and policies in Malaysia and discusses the main renewable resources available. It addresses the use of more environmentally friendly technologies which can lead to the reduction of pollution and thus sustaining the ecology for treatment of bio-resources. The book also presents new initiatives in bioenergy production with theories, applications, and challenges of biological processes of biofuel production such as bioethanol, biobutanol, biogas, microbial fuel cell (MFC), and biodiesel. It discusses the potential of renewable energy resources to meet the energy needs without damaging/affecting the environment.
Derived from the renowned multi-volume International Encyclopaedia of Laws, this book provides a systematic approach to legislation and legal practice concerning energy resources and production in Malaysia. The book describes the administrative organization, regulatory framework, and relevant case law pertaining to the development, application, and use of such forms of energy as electricity, gas, petroleum, and coal, with attention as needed to the pervasive legal effects of competition law, environmental law, and tax law. A general introduction covers the geography of energy resources, sources and basic principles of energy law, and the relevant governmental institutions. Then follows a detailed description of specific legislation and regulation affecting such factors as documentation, undertakings, facilities, storage, pricing, procurement and sales, transportation, transmission, distribution, and supply of each form of energy. Case law, intergovernmental cooperation agreements, and interactions with environmental, tax, and competition law are explained. Its succinct yet scholarly nature, as well as the practical quality of the information it provides, make this book a valuable resource for energy sector policymakers and energy firm counsel handling cases affecting Malaysia. It will also be welcomed by researchers and academics for its contribution to the study of a complex field that today stands at the foreground of comparative law.
Today, the world has been relying on fossil fuels as its primary source of energy. This unsustainable energy source is not going to last long. Thus, the green renewable energy should be practice from now on. Malaysia is gifted with many natural renewable energy resources. It is because it has a long coast line, good rainfall with rivers flowing for greater part of the year. In Malaysia also there are 82% of the remote places in Malaysia have electricity in their place but sometime this electricity is not functional because of the some problem. And for the other 12%, there are not facilities for them. The electricity is very important for our daily life for the cooking, lighting and the others activity. This thesis is presented the research to determine the suitable renewable energy use in remote places which in Malaysia. After some research, there are potential of renewable energy that can be used that is biomass energy, solar energy and wind energy. Based on the parameter in the remote place, the case study has been done for design the system for that habitant to generate the electricity. With the animal dung and excrement, biogas digester can be use. The biogas produce can generated the electricity for that place. But, the number of the animal available is less than number of animal needed for generates the whole place. After that, solar photovoltaic is the one way of the solution for this problem. Solar photovoltaic system can be use with the biogas digester. In other hand, wind turbine also can be one of the alternative ways beside the solar photovoltaic. So, this paper is discussed about the best solution for the remote place to choose the suitable renewable energy either biogas-solar photovoltaic or biogas-wind turbine.
Lovelock identified Newcomen’s atmospheric steam engine as the start of Anthropocene with these words: “...there have been two previous decisive events in the history of our planet. The first was ... when photosynthetic bacteria first appeared [conversing sunlight to usable energy]. The second was in 1712 when Newcomen created an efficient machine that converted the sunlight locked in coal directly into work.” This book is about the necessity of energy transition toward renewables that convert sunlight diurnally, thus a sustainable Anthropocene. Such an energy transition is equally momentous as that of the kick start of the second Industrial Revolution in 1712. Such an energy transition requires “it takes a village” collective effort of mankind; the book is a small part of the collective endeavor.
The book comprises seven chapters authored by academicians who possess expertise in the domains of renewable energy sources and technology, with project-based learning (PjBL). The objective of this book is to offer a comprehensive understanding of the current renewable energy sources and technology, with a particular focus on the integration of PjBL methodologies. The incorporation of PjBL would serve to greatly enhance the scope of study on renewable energy sources and technology, shedding light on its function and untapped potential. The themes selected for inclusion in these chapters encompass a range of interdisciplinary features within renewable energy sources and technologies. It is anticipated that this book can serve as a valuable reference for students, researchers and professionals in their respective fields. This book is published with the intention of fostering the adoption of PjBL within the context of outcome-based education, specifically focusing on renewable energy projects.
Malaysia pledged to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 45 per cent by 2030 in relation to its 2005 GDP figure. The sectors listed as the main focus of this effort included: energy, industrial processes, waste, agriculture, land use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF). Several initiatives under myriad governments have been launched to reduce Malaysia’s climate change impacts; among those has been the emphasis on renewable energy (RE). Malaysia’s current energy mix relies heavily on coal and natural gas. Long-entrenched subsidies on these energy sources, coupled with greatly depreciating prices make it difficult for new RE producers to enter the market and increase their market share. This is in spite of positive developments in RE infrastructure and reduced RE material costs. Solar, biogas, biomass and mini-hydro have been put forward as the RE sources with the most potential, but all have issues of consistency and reliability. Because small energy generators cannot guarantee infallible energy production, they may not be the most viable options for the long term. Their size also denies them the economies of scale that would reduce their costs. Instead, these higher costs may be transferred to the consumer. Other issues include the competition for land in the development of large-scale solar farms, including the possible loss of community farmlands and hence livelihoods, if not displacement. A push for biomass and biogas as a source of energy might also lead to increased oil palm production to meet the need for consistent supplies of oil palm waste. Biogas from municipal landfills is made even more challenging given that Malaysian municipal waste is not sorted at source. One possible solution is the use of hybrid RE in rural areas, comprising a mix of micro-hydro, solar and diesel-based energy generation as a back-up. However an immediate win is to ensure energy efficiency and public education to encourage emissions reduction and climate change impacts on the individual consumer.
To maintain a healthy ecosystem for contemporary society and for future generations, policies must be implemented to protect the environment. This can be achieved by consistent evaluation of new initiatives and strategies. The Handbook of Research on Renewable Energy and Electric Resources for Sustainable Rural Development is a critical scholarly resource that examines efficient use of electric resources and renewable energy sources which have a positive impact on sustainable development. Featuring coverage on cogeneration thermal modules, photovoltaic (pv) solar, and renewable energy systems (RES) application practices, this publication is geared towards academics, practitioners, professionals, and upper-level students interested in the latest research on renewable energy and electric resources for sustainable rural development.