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Child Welfare Removals by the State addresses a most important (but little-researched) legal proceeding: when the State intervenes in the private family sphere to remove children at risk to a place of safety, adoption, or in other forms of out-of-home care. It is an intervention into the private family sphere that is intrusive, contested, and a last resort. States' interventions in the family are decided within legal and political orders and traditions that constitute a country's policies, welfare state model, child protection system, and children s position in a society. However, we lack a cross-country analysis of the different models of decision-making in a European context. This text aims to present new research at the intersection of social work, law, and social policy concerning child protection proceedings for children in need of alternative care. It explores the role of court-based and voluntary decision-making systems in child protection proceedings, its effects, dynamics, and meanings in seven European countries and the United States, and analyses the tensions and dilemmas between children, parents, and socio-legal professionals. The book consists of eight country chapters, plus an introduction and conclusion chapters. The range of countries of countries represented in the book covers the social democratic Nordic countries (Finland, Norway, and Sweden), the conservative corporatist regimes (Germany and Switzerland), the neo-liberal (England, Ireland, and the United States), and related child welfare systems.
The inquiry launched following the death of Jimmy Mubenga on a deportation flight from the UK found that although there were some positive aspects of the process, which is carried out on the UK Border Agency's behalf by a private security contractor, (initially G4S and, since 1 May 2011, Reliance Security) the Committee found evidence of: inappropriate use of physical restraint, and the possible use of unauthorised and potentially dangerous restraint techniques; weaknesses in passing on information about detainees' medical conditions to all the relevant staff ; Use of racist language by contractors; Use of excessive numbers of contractor staff. The Committee recommends that the UK Border Agency should strengthen its procedures so that its own staff feel that they are entitled and expected to challenge any poor conduct on the part of contractors. The Committee also rejects the practice of taking detainees to the airport as "reserves" in case another detainee is taken off a removal flight at the last minute. To strengthen safeguards against the ill treatment of prisoners, the Committee recommends that members of the Independent Monitoring Boards for immigration removal centres - or a similar independent monitoring network-be given access to chartered removal flights
This document is a summary of short-term actions (removals) undertaken by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the U.S. Coast Guard in response to hazardous substance incidents. The document presents a historical perspective of the program, summarizing short-term actions completed during the five-year authorized funding period of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA), December 11, 1980, through September 30, 1985 and those actions taken during October 1, 1985 through September 30, 1986 that were funded primarily by two special appropriations from Congress. The Superfund Emergency Response Actions summary is the first document to be published aggregating short-term response information for all six years. As the Superfund removal program continues, EPA intends to publish annual updates of the document. Volume 2 Serves as the second annual report for public use on short-term removal actions undertaken by EPA between October 1986 and June 1988.
A report on detentions and removals involving U.S. citizen children and their parents among Immigration and Customs Enforcement¿s detention center population over the past 10 years. Covers: (1) the total number of aliens removed from the U.S.; (2) the number of instances in which one or both parents of a U.S. citizen child were removed; (3) the reason for the parents¿ removal; (4) the length of time the parents lived in the U.S. before removal; (5) whether the U.S. citizen children remained in the U.S. after the parents¿ removal; and (6) the number of days a U.S. citizen child was held in detention. The U.S. conducted 2,199,138 alien removals between FY's 1998 and 2007. These removals involved 108,434 parents of U.S. citizen children. Illustrations.