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With the Beatification of Monseñor Oscar Romero, our current Pope Francis has asked theologians to consider how we might allow for an expanded definition for martyrdom in the 21st century. Remembering Oscar Romero and the Martyrs of El Salvador responds to that challenge. How do we name Oscar Romero, Rutilio Grande, the U.S. churchwomen, and the Jesuits and two laywomen killed at the UCA as martyrs? Is it a new category with a new definition? Or is it simply an amplification of what we have long considered Christian witness? While there is a long history of martyrdom in Latin America, this book elaborates on four case studies for martyrdom focusing on the reality in El Salvador: Rutilio Grande, S.J. killed in 1977, Archbishop Oscar Romero killed in 1980, the U.S. churchwomen killed in 1980, and the six members of the UCA Jesuit community and their two female collaborators killed in 1989. Insights from the work of Jon Sobrino illuminate these case studies. First, his Christological insights from Jesus the Liberator and Christ the Liberator are used to analyze the reality of martyrdom, particularly in reference to the terms martyr, crucified people, and martyred people. Second, his more recent articles challenge a strict interpretation of the traditional definition of martyrdom, especially focusing on his terms Jesuanic martyr, a martyr for justice, and even a more polemic suggestion of an anonymous Christian martyr. Finally, the book concludes by combining Sobrino's insights and the reality of martyrdom today, updated with the recent scholarship in Romero's beatification process which attempts to show Romero as a martyr. In the end, the book hopes to offer some suggestions for an expanded definition of martyrdom in the 21st century. By responding to the call of Pope Francis for an expanded definition, the reality of martyrdom in Latin America might be better understood and applied to the universal church.
This work explores issues of forgiveness and reconciliation in countries that had experienced political conflicts, civil war, and even genocide. It attempts to move beyond mere discussion by examining case studies and the initiatives taken in dialogue and reconciliation. In many cases, religion can be a force for peace and play a significant role in resolving conflicts. This work also examines the relationship between justice and forgiveness, emphasizing that there will be no peace without justice and no justice without forgiveness. Human justice is fragile. Thus, respect for rights and responsibilities must include forgiveness in order to heal and restore relationships.
Rutilio Grande, SJ, was the first Jesuit to be assassinated in El Salvador. He was killed on March 12, 1977, for having done the works that Jesus commands with regard to one's neighbor as a priest in the Roman Catholic Church. This volume of his writings and homilies illustrates how he applied the social and ecclesial teachings of the Second Vatican Council (1962–1965) in his ministry with the poor and marginalized of El Salvador. His use of the social sciences to understand the problems in his context, his prophetic denunciation of power and wealth, and his ministry to empower laypeople to lead their faith communities all speak to the Holy Spirit working through the courage of a true servant leader.
Originally published on the twentieth anniversary of his death, this volume celebrates the life, spirit and legacy of Oscar Romero, the martyred archbishop of San Salvador.
This book responds to Pope Francis's challenge to construct an expanded definition for martyrdom today. Using the work of Jon Sobrino, Thiede examines four case studies--Rutilio Grande, Oscar Romero, the U.S. churchwomen, and the UCA Jesuits and their collaborators--to offer an expanded definition of martyrdom.
This book is about the lived experiences of first-generation Latino and Latina (Latinx) students going to college in Washington state, combined with an analysis of immigration enforcement practices. The experiences of resilience and creativity exhibited by Latinx students offer a stark contrast with the human rights violations by law enforcement agents, whose collaboration with immigration enforcement is against the law in Washington state. The book explores the work of the University of Washington Center for Human Rights, particularly its work to defend and promote immigrants’ rights in Washington state. The Center documents the collaboration and information sharing of local and state law enforcement with federal immigration enforcement agencies, which predominantly target Latinx communities in Eastern Washington. Since such collaboration and information sharing is now illegal under Washington state laws, the findings of the work of the Center for Human Rights can be used by frontline human rights organizations in Washington state to advocate for stronger compliance by local and state law enforcement, and stronger protection of immigrants’ rights. In addition to documenting the work of the Center for Human Rights, this book offers a collection of oral histories from UW students or alumni from Eastern Washington who self-identify as Latinx. Latinx is a gender-neutral term for individuals who descend from Latin American ancestry and culture. These Latinx stories offer a glimpse of the rich lived experiences in some of the communities that suffer the racial profiling and abuses of immigration enforcement. These are the communities of migrant farmworkers that tend and harvest the fruits and agricultural produce of Washington, the communities of origin of many of the students at the University of Washington.
This book comprises essays honoring the life and work of Yiu Sing Lúcás Chan, S.J., who died unexpectedly on May 19, 2015, at the end of his first year as a member of the faculty in the Department of Theology at Marquette University. The editors intend to commemorate Chan’s brief but productive career by furthering the critical conversations he started. The essays included thus touch on aspects of the brilliant young Jesuit’s wide-ranging work in the fields of scriptural research, moral theology, and systematic theology. Each essay either engages Chan’s scholarship directly or seeks to advance his design to bridge the disciplinary gaps between scriptural research and constructive theology. This book includes contributions by noted Roman Catholic theologians James F. Keenan, S.J., Bryan N. Massingale, and John R. Donohue, S.J., as well as two original poems by his Marquette colleagues dedicated to Lúcás.
The strength and vigor of the Catholic Church are nowhere more visible than in North and South America, where hundreds of millions of people claim the Catholic faith. Saints of the Americas features thirty heroes of this New World faith, with representatives from fifteen countries in South America, Central America, North America, and the Caribbean. Through "conversations" between the authors and the saints, readers will be inspired by the stories of Catherine Drezel and Elizabeth Ann Seton, who built schools and hospitals in the United States; martyr Óscar Romero from El Salvador; Venezuelan physician and healer José Gregorio Hernández; Peruvian Rose of Lima, the first saint of the Americas; and others. The faith and perseverance of these martyrs and monks, laypeople and clergy, mystics and activists will encourage people today to make a lasting difference in the world.