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The modern notion of tolerance—the welcoming of diversity as a force for the common good—emerged in the Enlightenment in the wake of centuries of religious wars. First elaborated by philosophers such as John Locke and Voltaire, religious tolerance gradually gained ground in Europe and North America. But with the resurgence of fanaticism and terrorism, religious tolerance is increasingly being challenged by frightened publics. In this book, Denis Lacorne traces the emergence of the modern notion of religious tolerance in order to rethink how we should respond to its contemporary tensions. In a wide-ranging argument that spans the Ottoman Empire, the Venetian republic, and recent controversies such as France’s burqa ban and the white-supremacist rally in Charlottesville, The Limits of Tolerance probes crucial questions: Should we impose limits on freedom of expression in the name of human dignity or decency? Should we accept religious symbols in the public square? Can we tolerate the intolerant? While acknowledging that tolerance can never be entirely without limits, Lacorne defends the Enlightenment concept against recent attempts to circumscribe it, arguing that without it a pluralistic society cannot survive. Awarded the Prix Montyon by the Académie Française, The Limits of Tolerance is a powerful reflection on twenty-first-century democracy’s most fundamental challenges.
“A very persuasive argument for the best way to counter jihadism” (The Washington Post) from the bestselling author of Zealot and host of Believer The wars in the Middle East have become religious wars in which God is believed to be directly engaged on behalf of one side against the other. The hijackers who attacked America on September 11, 2001, thought they were fighting in the name of God. According to award-winning writer and scholar of religions Reza Aslan, the United States, by infusing the War on Terror with its own religiously polarizing rhetoric, is fighting a similar war—a war that can’t be won. Beyond Fundamentalism is both an in-depth study of the ideology fueling militants throughout the Muslim world and an exploration of religious violence in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. At a time when religion and politics increasingly share the same vocabulary and function in the same sphere, Aslan writes that we must strip the conflicts of our world of their religious connotations and address the earthly grievances that always lie at its root. How do you win a religious war? By refusing to fight in one. Featuring new content and updated analysis • Originally published as How to Win a Cosmic War “[A] thoughtful analysis of America’s War on Terror.” —The New Yorker “Offers a very persuasive argument for the best way to counter jihadism.”—The Washington Post “[Reza] Aslan dissects a complex subject (terrorism and globalization) and distills it with a mix of narrative writing, personal anecdotes, reportage and historical analysis.”—San Francisco Chronicle “Aslan is not only a perspicuous, thoughtful interpreter of the Muslim world but also a subtle psychologist of the call to jihad.”—Los Angeles Times “[A] meaty analysis of the rise of Jihadism . . . dispels common misconceptions of the War on Terror age.”—San Jose Mercury News “It is Aslan’s great gift to see things clearly, and to say them clearly, and in this important new work he offers us a way forward. He is prescriptive and passionate, and his book will make you think.”—Jon Meacham, Pulitzer Prize–winning author of American Lion
INHERENT SOLUTIONS TO SPIRITUAL OBSCURATIONS Part One THE WONDER OF THE DAKINI MIND Part Two LETTING GO AND SOARING ON Part Three RESOLUTION IN PURE MIND Part Four THE ANCIENT METHOD ..................................... Subjects Introduction May you be Granted Dakini Awareness in Death PART ONE THE WONDER OF THE DAKINI MIND Self Doubt or Self Trust Non-Dual Light Phenomena Nirvikalpa as Personal Death Process Tantric Levels and Pure Certainty Dream States and the Bardo Mind The Enigmatic Dwelling of the Dakini Sakti, Buddha and Pure Mind Dzogchen and Pure Advaita Amanibhava or Pure Mind Pure Mind as Teacher Flying like Garuda Trekchod and Thogal as the Nitya and the Lila PART TWO LETTING GO AND SOARING ON (Trekchod and Thogal) Gaudapada's Advaita and Garab Dorje's Dzogchen Garab Dorje Three Conveyances Three Series Chikhai Atma Heritage The Occurring, The Mistake Effortless Amanibhava Nirodha Dakini Mystery Audulomi Or The Rainbow Body Heart Essence Three Methods The Most Secret Three Statements Re-Enlightened Mother Light and Offspring Suddenness Kung Zhi Barrier Emotions Pre-Primordial Maya Conceptuality and Infusion Prajna Nerves, Energies, Thigles as Five Wisdoms Abhi Sambodhi The Summit Four Visions Dakini Eyes, Thigle, Awareness, Self Thigle The Cosmological Extent to Thigle Ask Dakini Letting Go and Soaring On With Gaudapada and Garab Dorje Dakini Lamps Eyes, White Silk Nerve, Heart Illuminating The Lamps Dakini Lights Spontaneous Arrivals Sixteen Illuminations That Mind Pure Mind Bindu Thigle The Spiritual Friend The Garuda Mind As Trung Pe The Height of Height Dakini Given In You Yourself Gaudapada Advaitic Light The Extreme View Misery Handling Objects Thoughts The Magic Elephant Best First Best of Bipeds Firebrand Visions Tayi PART THREE RESOLUTION IN PURE MIND America Tibet India Ramakrishna and Sakyamuni Totapuri and Rudraka The Obscuration of the Teacher The Dark Teacher or Worship of the Shadow Ramakrishna's Solution to the Obscuration of the Guru PART FOUR THE ANCIENT METHOD Ramakrishna, Janaka and the Upanishads Vamadeva The Hawk Dirghatamas Bitter Rage and God Consciousness Taking Heads Friends in Truth In Spite of It, Good Ideas Traditional Behaviorism Pure Upanishad Trisanku Direct Method Janaka and Suka Janaka and the Siddhas Janaka and Yajnavalkya Janaka and Ashtavakra Janaka and the Ten Sikhs Mandukyo - A - - U - - M - Aum Prana, Sakti, Mother Prahlada Kaushitaki My Self Direct Dream Sight Experience Pure Rk Vedic Experience Soma Vac Kabandha The Salt Doll Incarnations of God Consciousness in Natural Powers Incarnations of God Consciousness within Human Beings The Seven Sages and the One Poet Experience Yet Another Cursing Guru Mythic Phenomena Origins of Thought Sunahsepa Ramakrishna and Yajnavalkya The Darkening of Woman Uddalaka Mood of Spirit Glossary References Editions (2 of 2)
This book examines major conceptual challenges confronting freedom of religion or belief in contemporary settings. It will be a valuable resource for students, academics, and policy-makers with an interest in law, religion, and human rights.
What impulse prompted some newspapers to attribute the murder of 77 Norwegians to Islamic extremists, until it became evident that a right-wing Norwegian terrorist was the perpetrator? Why did Switzerland, a country of four minarets, vote to ban those structures? How did a proposed Muslim cultural center in lower Manhattan ignite a fevered political debate across the United States? In The New Religious Intolerance, Martha C. Nussbaum surveys such developments and identifies the fear behind these reactions. Drawing inspiration from philosophy, history, and literature, she suggests a route past this limiting response and toward a more equitable, imaginative, and free society. Fear, Nussbaum writes, is "more narcissistic than other emotions." Legitimate anxieties become distorted and displaced, driving laws and policies biased against those different from us. Overcoming intolerance requires consistent application of universal principles of respect for conscience. Just as important, it requires greater understanding. Nussbaum challenges us to embrace freedom of religious observance for all, extending to others what we demand for ourselves. She encourages us to expand our capacity for empathetic imagination by cultivating our curiosity, seeking friendship across religious lines, and establishing a consistent ethic of decency and civility. With this greater understanding and respect, Nussbaum argues, we can rise above the politics of fear and toward a more open and inclusive future.
How did Christianity become the dominant religion in the West? In the early first century, a small group of peasants from the backwaters of the Roman Empire proclaimed that an executed enemy of the state was God’s messiah. Less than four hundred years later it had become the official religion of Rome with some thirty million followers. It could so easily have been a forgotten sect of Judaism. Through meticulous research, Bart Ehrman, an expert on Christian history, texts and traditions, explores the way we think about one of the most important cultural transformations the world has ever seen, one that has shaped the art, music, literature, philosophy, ethics and economics of modern Western civilisation.
Since at least the attacks of September 11, 2001, one of the most pressing political questions of the age has been whether Islam is hostile to religious freedom. Daniel Philpott examines conditions on the ground in forty-seven Muslim-majority countries today and offers an honest, clear-eyed answer to this urgent question. It is not, however, a simple answer. From a satellite view, the Muslim world looks unfree. But, Philpott shows, the truth is much more complex. Some one-fourth of Muslim-majority countries are in fact religiously free. Of the other countries, about forty percent are governed not by Islamists but by a hostile secularism imported from the West, while the other sixty percent are Islamist. The picture that emerges is both honest and hopeful. Yes, most Muslim-majority countries are lacking in religious freedom. But, Philpott argues, the Islamic tradition carries within it "seeds of freedom," and he offers guidance for how to cultivate those seeds in order to expand religious freedom in the Muslim world and the world at large. It is an urgent project. Religious freedom promotes goods like democracy and the advancement of women that are lacking in the Muslim-majority world and reduces ills like civil war, terrorism, and violence. Further, religious freedom is simply a matter of justice--not an exclusively Western value, but rather a universal right rooted in human nature. Its realization is critical to the aspirations of religious minorities and dissenters in Muslim countries, to Muslims living in non-Muslim countries or under secular dictatorships, and to relations between the West and the Muslim world. In this thoughtful book, Philpott seeks to establish a constructive middle ground in a fiery and long-lasting debate over Islam.
This edited volume is concerned with the relationship between three key concepts – identity, belonging and human rights – and explores them both by engaging in theoretical analysis and through more practical contributions.
Toleration in Comparative Perspective is a collection of essays that explores conceptions of toleration and tolerance in Asia and the West. It tests the common assumption in Western political discourse and contemporary political theory that toleration is a uniquely Western virtue. Toleration in modern Western philosophy is understood as principled noninterference in the practices and beliefs of others that one disapproves of or, at least, dislikes. Although toleration might be seen today as a quintessential liberal value, precedents to this modern concept also existed in medieval times while Indigenous American stories about welcome challenge the very possibility of noninterference. The modern Western philosophical concept of toleration is not always easily translated into other philosophical traditions, but this book opens a dialogue between various traditions of thought to explore precisely the ways in which overlap and distinctions exist. What emerges is the existence of a family of resemblances in approaches to religious and cultural diversity from a program of pragmatic noninterference in the Ottoman Empire to deeper notions of acceptance and inclusiveness amongst the Newar People in the Kathmandu Valley. The development of an Islamic ethic of tolerance, the Daoist idea of all-inclusiveness, and Confucian ideas of broad-mindedness, respect, and coexistence to the idea of ‘the one in the many’ in Hindu thought are examined along with sources for intolerance, tolerance, and toleration in Pali Buddhism, early modern Japan, and contemporary India.