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In the last ten years or so, religious plurality has become higher on the agenda for religious education research in the Nordic countries. This attention to religious plurality partly reflects processes of globalisation that include both physical migration and communication of ideas and is-sues across the world, making it ‘smaller’. It also reflects the preoccupation of governments with social cohesion and, as part of this, intercultural education. In the curricula of the Nordic countries this is manifested in different ways, setting also the agenda for parts of educational research. This book addresses issues related to the increasing religious plurality in the Nordic countries. These issues are a challenge to many religious groups including historically dominant Lutheran national churches, both nationally and locally. They have also led to a reorientation in religious education research in the last decade. A rich variety of research perspectives are presented under three headings: Theoretical and methodical perspectives, The world of the students, Teachers and textbooks. Nordic religious education research here proves to be internationally oriented in terms of theoretical perspectives, whilst also contributing to the debate through important empirical studies. Examples of issues covered in the book are unintended learning, dialogue, gender, life-interpretation, spirituality, identity and values. In different ways all the contributions in this book shed light on the common theme of diversity, and are based on a will to include diverse perspectives both on the actors and the material of the classroom as well as on the life world of young people. The researchers represent different generations and different theoretical and methodological perspectives.
In this volume, questions are addressed revolving around religious literacy and education. The term religious literacy is explored as the ability to discern and analyze intersections of religion with social, political, and cultural life in pluralistic societies. Questions about what types of religious literacies are possible in a non-confessional, and even secular, educational context are in focus. It delves into the intricate relationship between religious literacy, religious education in the Nordic countries, and the development of subject knowledge and generic abilities. The Nordic countries, as modern secular welfare states with shared characteristics, provide an intriguing framework for comparison. The exploration of variations in the organization, content, and goals of religious education in Finland, Denmark, Norway, and Sweden sheds light on the process of shaping educational content within specific historical and societal contexts and the anthology broadens its scope by incorporating global perspectives from the Indian, Italian, and Indonesian contexts. The volume features contributions from 18 researchers who explore empirical, methodological, and theoretical aspects of religious literacy and education. The concept of religious literacy, encompassing both knowledge and generic skills, proves to be indispensable for navigating the diverse religious and non-religious worldviews present in pluralistic societies. Tailored for students, educators, education researchers, and policymakers, this anthology contributes to the ongoing discourse on religious literacy. It not only provides valuable insights into the Nordic educational landscape but also fosters a global dialogue on the crucial role of education in understanding diverse worldviews.
This collection is aimed at practitioners and scholars interested in democracy, social justice and diversity. The importance of the book lies in the way it discusses possible ways for early childhood education to work with diversity and language in order to allow inclusion and social justice for all children. Building on case studies from Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden, the text offers broad insights into the field of diversity through historical and organisational perspectives, as well as viewpoints of children, practitioners and parents.
Society is a complex phenomenon, characterized by constant change, often entailing conflict. This is seen in our own times where philosophies and movements of individualism, pluralism and globalization intersect and often collide. Still, even in this fast-moving and highly materialist world, religion and spirituality remain crucial aspects of human and social living, and therefore must be among the many focusses of the modern school. Teachers of Religious and Spiritual Education (RSE) are therefore expected to support students’ religious and spiritual understanding as well as their overall development. How can they best meet this challenge? This book is comprised of various interdisciplinary research findings drawn from international scholarship. The findings are of a different order from each other but all have in common an element of surprise, sufficient to impel reflection and re-thinking of many of the assumptions that normally underpin RSE. The book therefore constitutes a contribution to ongoing understanding of the role played by religious and spiritual education and of the proper interface between RSE and the modern school, contemporary curricula and the teacher of today. Contributions by Robert Crotty, Ola Erik Domaas, Michael Fricke, Liam Gearon, Adrian-Mario Gellel, Eija Hanhimaki, Laura Hirsto, Tapani Innanen, Terence Lovat, Klaas Macha, Emanuel P. Magro, Adil Mamodaly, Fritz Oser, Ulrich Riegel, Inkeri Rissanen, Sturla Sagberg, Kirsi Tirri, Theo van der Zee, Karen Wenell
This collection of articles utilises thematic orientations, methodological approaches and data materials to give an insight into the opportunities and challenges that exist for education in society, in relation to the growing cultural and linguistic complexity that exists. It is written by researchers at Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, in Norway, and while the book is anchored in a specific Norwegian educational, cultural and political context, it addresses issues that would be of interest to an international academic audience.
Backed by a range of case studies and recent developments in human rights education research, Nordic Perspectives on Human Rights Education guides readers through an analysis of educational inequities and identifies how internationally agreed-upon human rights standards may inform social justice practices within schools. In an age characterised by authoritarianism and extremism, but also social and climate justice movements, this book provides a critical analysis of current practice within schools. Contributing authors also discuss how a human rights framework may improve practice, supporting intersectional thinking and more sustainable learning environments, while also empowering teachers to confidently navigate issues of gender, national identity and minority rights. Divided into three distinct sections, chapters invite readers to consider: The context behind human rights education (HRE) Rights-based approaches to teaching and education International dialogue and how we may learn from the approaches of other countries. Drawing on research from the Nordic region, and discussing its implications elsewhere, this volume is an essential resource for scholars developing theory and practice in human rights education, social studies, citizenship education and international and comparative education.
How are people educated to feel that they are part of a nation? What role does religion play in such a process? In this book Lars Laird Iversen takes a close look at Religious Education in Norway in order to find answers to these crucial questions. The intersection of school, religion and national identity is a hotspot for public controversy, in Norway as well as many other countries. Global flows of ideas and migrants have made religious plurality a fact on the ground in Norwegian city- and mediascapes. Iversen investigates the complexities that arise when the nation-shaping ambitions of Norwegian state curriculum authors meets the diverse group of pupils in religious education classes. The book also provides a theoretical discussion on how religious groups, and other groups with identity claims, should be understood, drawing on contemporary debates between social constructionist and critical realist approaches.
Religion is a prominent legal force despite the premise constructed and promoted by Western constitutionalism that it must be separated from the State in democracies. Education constitutes an area of human life that leaves ample scope for the expression of religious identity and shapes the citizens of the future. It is also the place of origin of a considerable number of normative conflicts involving religious identity that arise today in multicultural settings. The book deals with the interplay of law and religion in education through the versatility of religious law and legal pluralism, as well as religion’s possible adaptation and reconciliation with modernity, in order to consider and reflect on normative conflicts. It adopts the angle of the constitutional dimension of religion narrated in a comparative perspective and critically reflects on regulatory attempts by the State and the international community to promote new ways of living together.
In this book, scholars around Europe reflect on the changing role of religious education in a time of growing pluralism in Europe and across the world. The various contributions from different European countries (England and Wales, Germany, Netherlands, and Norway) focus on the debate about the existing multicultural and multireligious situation in European societies. Difference and diversity, especially of religion, is seen as a challenge for education in Europe. The chapters mention trends and common challenges for religious education. As a key term of religious education "religious competence" is introduced. It includes the ability to deal with religious pluralism and differences in a constructive way. It is argued that contextual religious education facilitates a new religious competence. The book also contains detailed information about current developments in the field of religious education in some European countries.