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From the ideological crucible of the Reformation emerged an embittered contest for the human soul. In the care of souls, the clergy zealously dispensed spiritual physic; for countless early modern Europeans, the first echelon of mental health care. During its heyday, spiritual physic touched the lives of thousands, from penitents and pilgrims to demoniacs and mad people. Ironically, the phenomenon remains largely unexplored. Why? Through case histories from among the records of over 1,000 troubled and desperate individuals, this regional study of Bavaria investigates spiritual physic as a popular ritual practice during a tumultuous era of religious strife, material crises, moral repression and witch hunting. By the mid-seventeenth century, secular forces ushered in a psychological revolution across Europe. However, spiritual physic ensconced itself by proxy upon emergent bourgeois psychiatry. Today, its remnants raise haunting questions about science and the pursuit of objective knowledge in the ephemeral realm of human consciousness.
Die Reformationsgeschichte der Stadt Bremen unterscheidet sich von vielen anderen Reformationen im Alten Reich, ist aber, auch in der intensiven Forschung während der Reformationsdekade, kaum einmal berücksichtigt worden. Sie ist deutlich "anders" als die Reformation in den "Kernlanden" und in den Städten. In der ersten, lutherischen Phase ist manches vergleichbar: die grundstürzenden Ideen, die ihre Legitimation aus Gottes Wort ziehen, kodifiziert in der Heiligen Schrift, Antiklerikalismus, Provokation, Gewalt und Beschwichtigung. Ab der Jahrhundertmitte gibt es aber ein Vorwärtsdrängen zu einer entschiedeneren zweiten Phase. Ziel des Bandes ist es, Bremen in der Reformationsgeschichtsforschung das verdiente Gewicht zu geben. Mit Beiträgen von Christoph Auffarth, Erik A. de Boer, Robert J. Christman, Gerald Dörner, Konrad Elmshäuser, Johannes Göhler, Monika Göhler, Andrea Hauser, Fred van Lieburg, Jan van de Kamp, Frank van der Pol, Pieter L. Rouwendal, Leo van Santen, Ruth Schilling, Stavros Vlachos, Manfred B. Wischnewsky und Regine Wolters. [The "other" Reformation in the Old Empire. Bremen and North-West Europe] The history of the Reformation in the city of Bremen differs from many other Reformation processes in the Old Empire. Yet it has hardly been addressed, not even in the decade of lively commemoration of the Reformation. Bremen's was a "different" Reformation in comparison with similar developments in the "core territories" of the Reformation, as well as in the cities. In the first, Lutheran, phase of Bremen's Reformation, many aspects were similar to those elsewhere: the groundbreaking ideas, which were legitimated by reference to the Word of God, as codified in Holy Scripture; anticlericalism; provocative stances; violence and appeasement. From about 1550 onwards, however, Bremen's Reformation proceeded towards a more uncompromising second phase. The aim of this volume is to give Bremen its due within the field of Reformation research.
In this volume, the concept of quality is discussed both in the Bible and in the scholarship that evolved around the Bible. Scholars of various backgrounds analyse the Bible and its narrative and enumerative (or legal) way of qualifying the world around. According to the intrinsic theological view of the Bible, it is God himself who is the touchstone of any qualitative judgement. From literary and historical point of view though, we can - and we often do - judge Bible and things around us differently. The volume presents an intersection of biblical theology, biblical criticism and biblical archaeology in their quest for (their respective renditions of) quality.
This book reveals how, in confrontation with secularity, various new forms of Christianity evolved during the time of Europe's crisis of modernisation. Rudolf Schlögl provides a comprehensive overview of the development of religious institutions and piety in Protestant and Catholic Europe between 1750 and 1850; at the same time, he offers a detailed exposition of contemporary philosophical, theological and socio-theoretical thought on the nature and function of religion. This allows us to understand the importance of religion in the self-defining of European society during a period of great change and upheaval. Religion and Society at the Dawn of Modern Europe is a pivotal work – translated into English here for the first time – for all scholars and students of European society in the 18th and 19th centuries.
The academic study of religion is undergoing great changes in response to globalization. Just as sociologists now find it necessary to think in terms of "multiculturalism," so religion scholars and theologians today must work in the context of "multireligiosity." Globalization is leading not only to multiethnic societies but also to plurality in religions and worldviews. Theology and the Religions: A Dialogue offers the first sustained analysis of the trend toward multireligiosity and its implications for the study of religion. Drawing on the resources of cultural analysis, religious studies, and theology, an international slate of scholars explores the relation of multiculturality and multireligiosity, the need for interreligious dialogue, and the possibilities for a "theology of religions." This groundbreaking work is supported by case studies of various religious traditions in diverse cultures from around the world. Special attention is paid to Christian theological reflection, however, since, as a global religion, Christianity is particularly challenged by multireligiosity. Offering an engaging, wide-angle view of religion worldwide, Theology and the Religions makes a vital contribution to our understanding of the forces shaping the future of religious and social life. Contributors: Kajsa Ahlstrand Theodor Ahrens Jan-Martin Berentsen Ulrich Dehn Helene Egnell Marianne C. Qvortrup Fibiger Patrik Friedlund Virginia Garrard-Burnett Geomon K. George Elisabeth Gerle Friedrich Wilhelm Graf Hans Hauge Ulf Hedetoft S. Mark Heim Chris Hewer Klaus Hock Michael Ipgrave Andrew J. Kirk Lene Kühle Volker Küster Aasulv Lande Oddbjorn Leirvik Ole Skjerbæk Madsen Hiromasa Mase Mogens S. Mogensen Viggo Mortensen Johannes Nissen Klaus Nürnberger Caleb Oladipo Tinu Ruparell Risto Saarinen Lamin Sanneh Olaf Schumann Notto R. Thelle Joachim Track Vítor Westhelle H. S. Wilson