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Globally, environmental impact assessment (EIA) is one of the most enduring and influential environmental management tools. This handbook provides readers with a strong foundation for understanding the practice of EIA, by outlining the different types of assessment while also providing a guide to best practice. This collection deploys a research and practice-based approach to the subject, delivering an overview of EIA as an essential and practical tool of environmental protection, planning, and policy. To best understand the most pertinent issues and challenges surrounding EIA today, this volume draws together prominent researchers, practitioners, and young scholars who share their work and knowledge to cover two key parts. The first part introduces EIA processes and best practices through analytical and critical chapters on the stages/elements of the EIA process and different components and forms of assessment. These provide examples that cover a wide range of assessment methods and cross-cutting issues, including cumulative effects assessment, social impact assessment, Indigenous-led assessment, risk assessment, climate change, and gender-based assessment. The second part provides jurisdictional reviews of the European Union, the US National Environmental Policy Act, recent assessment reforms in Canada, EIA in developing economies, and the EIA context in England. By providing a concise outline of the process followed by in-depth illustrations of approaches, methods and tools, and case studies, this book will be essential for students, scholars, and practitioners of environmental impact assessment.
Starting with the fundamentals of the global energy industry, Handbook of Energy Politics goes on to cover the evolution of capital and financial markets in the energy industry, the effects of technology, environmental issues and global warming and geopolitics. The book concludes by considering the future, including the lessons learned from history, where we are most likely to be heading and what steps we can take to mitigate potential energy risks. This Handbook will be an invaluable resource for upper level graduates and postgraduate scholars.
Many regulations issued by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) are based on the results of computer models. Models help EPA explain environmental phenomena in settings where direct observations are limited or unavailable, and anticipate the effects of agency policies on the environment, human health and the economy. Given the critical role played by models, the EPA asked the National Research Council to assess scientific issues related to the agency's selection and use of models in its decisions. The book recommends a series of guidelines and principles for improving agency models and decision-making processes. The centerpiece of the book's recommended vision is a life-cycle approach to model evaluation which includes peer review, corroboration of results, and other activities. This will enhance the agency's ability to respond to requirements from a 2001 law on information quality and improve policy development and implementation.
Secure, reliable, and affordable electricity has been one of British Columbia's most important competitive advantages and a key contributor to the province's prosperity. Historically, BC Hydro's prices have been based on the actual cost of producing publicly owned energy rather than the volatile international electricity market. But under recent government policy changes, BC Hydro will no longer produce its own energy: instead it must purchase it from private power developers through expensive long-term energy contracts. Yet despite paying very high prices, B.C. customers get no assets, no price protection, and no guarantee of future security of supply. The government's policies are also triggering an environmental nightmare, as dozens of private power plants are being built on pristine rivers, regardless of their impacts on fish, wildlife, First Nations, and local communities. John Calvert shows how the government is supplanting B.C.'s successful public system with a deregulated private sector model that will enrich private power developers and undermine B.C.'s ability to control future energy development. In giving away B.C.'s renewable energy future, the government is needlessly exposing ratepayers to the risks of the volatile U.S. energy market. Over time, Calvert argues, the new policies will result in the destruction of BC Hydro, the province's most valuable Crown corporation. Book jacket.
This publication presents recent OECD papers on risk and regulatory policy. They offer measures for developing, or improving, coherent risk governance policies.