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Nature's engineering of wood through genetics, wind, and weather creates a wide variability in wood as a material. Consequently, manufacture and users of wood products are frequently frustrated in dealing with the forest resource. Manufacturers sometimes argue that wood is difficult to consistently process into quality products because of the wide range of properties that exist in this raw material. Users of wood products can be equally frustrated with the performance variability found in finished products. Nondestructive evaluation (NDE) technologies have contributed significantly toward eliminating the cause of these frustrations. NDE technologies have been developed and are currently used in lumber and veneer grading programs that result in engineered materials that have consistent well-defined performance characteristics. This brief volume explores some of the processes that are used to manufacture wood, including green wood technology and provides a bit of history to wood production and its uses too. Other products that may interest you from the US Forest Service can be found at this link: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/agency/819
Condition assessment is an important first step in the restoration of any historic structure. Immunodiagnosis of wood decay fungi, nondestructive evaluation (NDE) stress wave mapping, and compression perpendicular to grain were used to evaluate white pine roof truss timbers from the Blacksmith Shop of the Quincy Mining Company in Keweenaw National Historical Park. Immunodiagnosis indicated that areas in the timber had been exposed to decay fungi. Stress wave NDE mapping located voids in the timbers tested. Compression perpendicular to the grain correlated with NDE findings.