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Over the last few decades, a growing body of research has linked extracurricular activity participation with positive outcomes among high school students. Extracurricular activities often provide a rich environmental context for positive youth development, given that they provide opportunities for identity formation, the creation of interpersonal connections, and the development of social, emotional, academic, and/or career-related skills. However, there are no studies to date examining the relationship between extracurricular activity involvement and student outcomes among students enrolled in rigorous high school curricula (e.g., Advanced Placement [AP] and International Baccalaureate [IB]). The purpose of the current study was to extend the current understanding of the relationship between extracurricular activity involvement and academic and mental health outcomes for youth enrolled in AP and IB programs by investigating the levels of extracurricular activity participation among AP/IB students, and examining whether participation predicted student success in terms of academic and mental health outcomes. Given the increased academic demands faced by this group of students, this study aimed to also investigate the overscheduling hypothesis to see whether there was a curvilinear relationship between extracurricular activity involvement and student success (i.e., a point of diminishing return). In addition, this study examined whether the program type (i.e., AP or IB) moderated the relationship between extracurricular activity participation and student outcomes. Using data obtained from a larger research project led by Dr. Shannon Suldo and Dr. Elizabeth Shaunessy-Dedrick (Institute of Education Science: R305A100911), results indicated that on average, AP and IB students (N= 2,379) reported being involved in 3-4 different extracurricular activity types and spent approximately 5-9 hours per week involved in extracurricular activities. Findings also revealed that compared to AP students, IB students participated in a greater number of types of activities (3.38 vs. 3.89) and more hours of activities per week (3.03 vs. 3.18, where “3” corresponds to 5-9 hours per week). Although a significant difference in the overall levels of involvement in extracurricular activities was observed between AP and IB students, these differences did not translate into differences in associations between extracurricular involvement and student outcomes. Finally, this study found significant linear associations between the breadth of extracurricular activity participation and higher levels of life satisfaction, lower levels of psychopathology, higher GPAs, and higher AP/IB exam scores. Significant linear relationships between the intensity of extracurricular activity participation and lower levels of psychopathology and higher GPAs were also observed. Regarding the overscheduling hypothesis, results from the current study found curvilinear relationships between breadth of participation and AP/IB exam scores and GPA, with optimal levels of breadth of 4.1 and 5.2 types of extracurricular activities, respectively. Moreover, curvilinear relationships were also observed between intensity of participation and students psychopathology and GPA, with optimal intensity scores of 3.2 and 3.3 (i.e., between the “5-9” and “10-19” hours per week response option categories), indicating that participation in 20 or more hours of activities per week was associated with diminishing outcomes. Implications of findings for school psychologists and educational stakeholders, as well as future directions for research are discussed.
A comprehensive literature review was conducted to examine the relationship between academic achievement and extracurricular participation. Three main "schools of thought" were found to exist with regard to the merit of extracurriculars: The Negativist, the Positivist, and the Optimist. Historically, the emergence of public education through around the 1960s was predominately Negativist. The prevailing view up until recently was Positivist, but research has indicated support for both positions and a new theory, The Optimist, is emerging as an evidence based perspective on extra-curricular activity and positive student outcomes.
Pre-University Paper from the year 2019 in the subject Pedagogy - General, grade: 1.0, , language: English, abstract: This study was undertaken to find out what are the common experiences of students in participating extra-curricular activities. Also this study aims to know on how students cope up the difficulties they’ve experienced while joining extra-curricular activities. Only fifteen selected students are involved in the research, thus we recommend that they must gather more respondents in order for them to generalize the views and experiences of the students for having an extra-curricular in school. Based on the data that we gathered from all of our respondents that are involved in extra-curricular activities, many of them share the same experiences regarding their participation on ECA. They gain experiences that positively affect them and can be used to improve and enhance not only their grades but their skills and their personality as a student and as a person. For all the students who have extra-curricular activities, researchers recommend that if they will involve to this kind of activity, they should balance their time management in order to not affect their academic performance. In addition, for students who wants to have extra-curricular activities, we recommend that they should prioritize their academics first before other things so that they could not suffer difficulties especially when it comes to projects, assignments and tests.
The topic of extra-curricular involvement has been studied extensively in various forms. However, most research has focused on extra-curricular involvement at the secondary education level with a large number of studies examining after school programs and athletics. Fewer studies have looked at higher education students as a population and those that have returned mixed results. The purpose of this research is to study how involvement in extra-curricular activities (ECAs) affects student success as determined by academic standing. In conducting this study, a modified version of the National Survey for Student Engagement was used as the primary instrument to gather data from 135 students (64.4% male, 35.6% female) enrolled in various academic programs in a Montréal area Anglophone CÉGEP. A quantitative correlational design was used to address several research questions which focused on determining the relationship between ECAs and student success. Furthermore, ECAs were categorized into groupings and tested to ascertain which sets have the greatest impact on student success. Results, limitations, implications, future direction, and conclusions are discussed.
For many years, academic professionals have studied the effect of student engagement on the student experience. Multiple studies have provided evidence that students who are more heavily engaged tend to see better academic outcomes such as higher GPAs and higher retention rates. These studies, however, tend to look at engagement as a whole and/or center on academic engagement, and not on extracurricular engagement. In this paper, the relationship between student engagement and student success is examines, particularly in regards to engagement in extracurricular activities. First examined are the breadth and depth of student involvement and the correlation to student outcomes such as GPA, job placement and satisfaction ratings. Next, by classifying activities in to 1 of 11 classification types, the correlation between certain types of activities and the outcomes listed above are examined. Certain types of activities tended to correlate more strongly with certain outcomes, where other types of involvement do not tend to correspond with strong outcomes in any success measure.
While there is evidence to support the notion that extracurricular activities have a positive impact on student success and development, the reasons why students participate in these activities, why they continue to participate in these activities, and why these activities lead to better educational outcomes are unclear. This study was conducted at three high schools in a county in northeast Florida with a total n of 131 students. This study used three theories as lenses to examine how student-teacher relationships impacted student engagement in extracurricular activities and in turn student achievement: Self-Systems Processing (Connell & Wellborn, 1991), Attachment Theory (Bowlby, 1969), and School Belonging (Goodenow & Grady, 1993) to analyze the data collected from the surveys. This data collection for this study included both quantitative survey questions and open-ended qualitative survey questions that produced three main findings. First, overall, students involved in extracurricular activities had slightly higher mean-level perceptions about their student-teacher relationships (i.e., caring, trust, and help) than those not involved in extracurricular activities, but this difference was not statistically significant. Second, for students involved in extracurricular activities their perceptions of the student-teacher relationship were slightly higher for their extracurricular teachers than their general teachers, but again, not significantly so. Finally, there were no effects of extracurricular activity on academic achievement within this sample.