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This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Reinventing Healthy Communities: Implications for Individual and Societal Well-Being" that was published in Social Sciences
Annotation Contemporary views of "livable communities" maintain that density and diversity are good for cities. Healthy communities are more pedestrian-friendly and less automobile-centric. Mixed use zoning keeps a flow of people through parks, streets, neighborhoods, and districts, which is good for business, safety, and tourism. Dwellings are human scale and locally-sourced food is more sustainable for the environment and healthier for individuals. But how should social institutions collaborate with those of the economic and political sectors to maximize community well-being? The United Way partnership model and the growing concern for triple-bottom-line outcomes involving financial, social, and environmental considerations offer a broad perspective on healthy communities. This special collection, therefore, employs a wide lens to examine multiple factors that characterize healthy communities including inclusiveness, equity, human rights, and mutual assistance. Researchers from various fields including psychiatry, public health, sociology, political science, community planning, economics, kinesiology, and social work present their findings on critical issues impacting the health of communities.
How do communities protect and improve the health of their populations? Health care is part of the answer but so are environmental protections, social and educational services, adequate nutrition, and a host of other activities. With concern over funding constraints, making sure such activities are efficient and effective is becoming a high priority. Improving Health in the Community explains how population-based performance monitoring programs can help communities point their efforts in the right direction. Within a broad definition of community health, the committee addresses factors surrounding the implementation of performance monitoring and explores the "why" and "how to" of establishing mechanisms to monitor the performance of those who can influence community health. The book offers a policy framework, applies a multidimensional model of the determinants of health, and provides sets of prototype performance indicators for specific health issues. Improving Health in the Community presents an attainable vision of a process that can achieve community-wide health benefits.
In the devastation that follows a major disaster, there is a need for multiple sectors to unite and devote new resources to support the rebuilding of infrastructure, the provision of health and social services, the restoration of care delivery systems, and other critical recovery needs. In some cases, billions of dollars from public, private and charitable sources are invested to help communities recover. National rhetoric often characterizes these efforts as a "return to normal." But for many American communities, pre-disaster conditions are far from optimal. Large segments of the U.S. population suffer from preventable health problems, experience inequitable access to services, and rely on overburdened health systems. A return to pre-event conditions in such cases may be short-sighted given the high costs - both economic and social - of poor health. Instead, it is important to understand that the disaster recovery process offers a series of unique and valuable opportunities to improve on the status quo. Capitalizing on these opportunities can advance the long-term health, resilience, and sustainability of communities - thereby better preparing them for future challenges. Healthy, Resilient, and Sustainable Communities After Disasters identifies and recommends recovery practices and novel programs most likely to impact overall community public health and contribute to resiliency for future incidents. This book makes the case that disaster recovery should be guided by a healthy community vision, where health considerations are integrated into all aspects of recovery planning before and after a disaster, and funding streams are leveraged in a coordinated manner and applied to health improvement priorities in order to meet human recovery needs and create healthy built and natural environments. The conceptual framework presented in Healthy, Resilient, and Sustainable Communities After Disasters lays the groundwork to achieve this goal and provides operational guidance for multiple sectors involved in community planning and disaster recovery. Healthy, Resilient, and Sustainable Communities After Disasters calls for actions at multiple levels to facilitate recovery strategies that optimize community health. With a shared healthy community vision, strategic planning that prioritizes health, and coordinated implementation, disaster recovery can result in a communities that are healthier, more livable places for current and future generations to grow and thrive - communities that are better prepared for future adversities.
In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.
Bioterrorism, drug-resistant disease, transmission of disease by global travel . . . there's no shortage of challenges facing America's public health officials. Men and women preparing to enter the field require state-of-the-art training to meet these increasing threats to the public health. But are the programs they rely on provide the high caliber professional training they require? Who Will Keep the Public Healthy? provides an overview of the past, present, and future of public health education, assessing its readiness to provide the training and education needed to prepare men and women to face 21st century challenges. Advocating an ecological approach to public health, the Institute of Medicine examines the role of public health schools and degree-granting programs, medical schools, nursing schools, and government agencies, as well as other institutions that foster public health education and leadership. Specific recommendations address the content of public health education, qualifications for faculty, availability of supervised practice, opportunities for cross-disciplinary research and education, cooperation with government agencies, and government funding for education. Eight areas of critical importance to public health education in the 21st century are examined in depth: informatics, genomics, communication, cultural competence, community-based participatory research, global health, policy and law, and public health ethics. The book also includes a discussion of the policy implications of its ecological framework.
Education has always been at the heart of societal progress and individual fulfillment. As I ventured through my own educational journey, I observed an ongoing dissonance between academic knowledge and real-life applications. While the classroom introduced theories and concepts, it often lacked the grounding in practical experiences that I believe is essential for preparing individuals to navigate the complexities of the modern world. This realization inspired me to write this book, not only to share my experiences and reflections but also to propose a new approach to education—one that aligns closely with the realities of life, work, and personal growth. Throughout my journey as an educator, researcher, and learner, I have seen both the strengths and the limitations of our current education system. I have witnessed students excelling in structured academic environments only to struggle when faced with the unpredictability of real-world challenges. Conversely, I have seen individuals who may not fit traditional academic molds flourish when given the freedom to apply their unique skills and perspectives to meaningful tasks outside of classrooms. These observations reinforced my belief that education should serve as a bridge to reality, fostering not only intellectual development but also emotional, ethical, and practical growth. This book is an exploration of what education could look like if it were reimagined to reflect life’s complexities, its demands, and its nuances. Each chapter delves into a core component of a real-world education, from fostering lifelong learning to teaching critical thinking, cultivating empathy, and embracing technology in a balanced manner. My aim is not to discard the traditional structure of education but to reshape it, infusing it with values and approaches that reflect the challenges, responsibilities, and opportunities students will encounter beyond the school walls. In writing this book, I have been mindful of the many voices that shape our understanding of education today—teachers, students, parents, researchers, and policymakers. I recognize that my perspective is just one of many, but it is a voice informed by years of observing and participating in the educational process. This book is an invitation to all who believe in the transformative power of education to rethink and reimagine our approach. I hope it sparks dialogue, inspires innovation, and, most importantly, brings us closer to an education system that truly prepares students for life in all its dimensions.
Psychology of Aging Understanding the aging process Biological changes in the brain Cognitive changes with age Memory and learning in older adults Perceptual changes in aging Sensory processing and aging Motor functions and aging Sleep changes in older adults Emotional well-being in later life Personality and aging Social relationships and aging Loneliness and social isolation Caregiving for older adults Alzheimer's disease and dementia Mild cognitive impairment Parkinson's disease and aging Stroke and aging Chronic health conditions in older adults Pain management in the elderly Polypharmacy and medication management Fall risk and prevention Nutrition and aging Physical activity and exercise Cognitive training and brain health Mindfulness and aging Lifelong learning and cognitive reserve Resilience and successful aging Retirement and lifestyle changes Grief, loss, and bereavement Ageism and stereotypes Elder abuse and neglect End-of-life care and planning Cultural perspectives on aging Gender differences in the aging process Socioeconomic status and aging Diversity and intersectionality in aging Public policies and programs for older adults The aging workforce and employment Technological advancements and aging Future trends in the psychology of aging Implications for healthcare and society Promoting positive and healthy aging Conclusion: Embracing the psychology of aging
The major causes of premature adult deaths in all regions of the world, due to chronic diseases such as heart disease, strokes, diabetes and cancer, have been generally neglected on the international health and development agenda. Four out of every five chronic disease-related deaths in the world occur in low and middle income countries, where people tend to develop these diseases at a younger age and to die sooner. The death toll is projected to rise by a further 17 per cent in the next 10 years, whilst child obesity rates are increasing worldwide. This report examines the actual scale and severity of the problem using the most recent data available, considers the major risk factors and associated trends, and discusses the public health policy actions required to implement effective integrated chronic disease prevention and control measures.
This volume provides an overview of the important health promotion and disease prevention theories, methods, and policy issues. Applications of these theories and methods are reviewed to promote health through a variety of channels, for a variety of disease outcomes, and among a variety of populations. It can be used as a text for introductory causes to the field of health promotion and disease prevention, as well as a reference for researchers and practitioner's actively working in this area.