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Experimental programs in laboratories give real results to identify nonlinear behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) structures but they are limited to knowledge of particular cases under restricted structural dimensions, sizes, shapes, loading and boundary conditions but the computational simulation approach has no limit to its application. Constitutive models are developed to simulate the dynamic nonlinear response of concrete and steel reinforcement subjected to cyclic loading varying randomly in magnitude. The behavior of structural concrete under monotonic loading is affected by important material aspects including cracking, crushing, tension stiffening, compression softening and bond slip. Reversed cyclic loading introduces further complexities such as stiffness degradation in concrete and the Bauschinger effect in reinforcing steel. In this research the validity and reliability of some proposed constitutive models for concrete considering general loading i.e. cyclic, monotonic, partial, common point and transition loading are evaluated. Amongst many existing constitutive models, because of their simplicity and common usage in the finite element analysis of RC structures, only some common proposed models based on nonlinear elasticity-based approach are investigated. These models are verified against experimental data available in the literature and the results are discussed. In this study, also, a hysteretic stress–strain model is developed for unconfined concrete with the intention of providing efficient modeling for the structural behavior of concrete in seismic regions. The proposed model is based on the findings of previous experimental and analytical studies. The model for concrete subjected to monotonic and cyclic loading, comprises four components in compression and tension; an envelope curve (for monotonic and cyclic loading), an unloading curve, a reloading curve, and transition curve. Also presented are formulations for partial unloading and partial reloading curves. The proposed Constitutive model reliability is investigated by RC members non-linear finite element analysis (FEM) using by finite element software ABAQUS. Comparisons with test results showed that the proposed model provides a good fit to a wide range of experimentally established hysteresis loops.
Fatigue is a process of permanent progressive changes in the structure of a material exposed to cyclic loading. High stress ranges in structures like bridges or crane-ways can result into accelerated crack propagation, higher deflections, structural stiffness reduction and consequently into fatigue failure. Bridge decks with damaged or missing insulation, crane-ways in industrial environment, bridge piers adjacent to roads maintained with the use of de-icing salts, maritime structures subjected to wave impact load cycles or cyclic loaded foundations of industrial machinery are exposed to cyclic loading and deteriorative solutions at the same time. In this text, the state-of-art in the field of fatigue of concrete structures is presented together with a brief introduction to deterioration of concrete. On hand of this information a way of describing the strain development under cyclic loading - the fatigue damage function - is proposed and experimentally verified on pre-stressed and reinforced concrete specimens. The way of incorporating the effect of material deterioration in this approach is shown.
This text provides a review of relevant knowledge in the area of constitutive modelling of concrete steel bonds and their interaction. It discusses the problems encountered in assembling the various elements with the purpose of constructing the model of an element made of reinforced concrete. Whether physically or empirically based, very simple or sophisticated, long-established or brand new, the models presented in this book are produced in as rational a framework as possible, and are accompanied by comments on their advantages and limitations.
Contents: General principles of durability design of reinforced concrete structures: State of the art; Structural features of engineering installations for storage of dry materials and liquids; Analysis of defects and damages in reinforced concrete silos, bunkers, and reservoirs in service; Analysis of main degradation processes in concrete and reinforced concrete structures of engineering installations; Analysis of models of durability for the main degradation processes in concrete and reinforcement ; Investigation of statistical parameters of operational loads in engineering structures; Experimental and theoretical investigation of strength of reinforced concrete members of engineering structures under sustained low-cycle loading; Durability design of reinforced concrete structures of engineering installations based on the Limit State Method; Application of Finite Element Method in numerical investigation of durability of reinforced concrete silos; Practical methods of enhancing durability of reinforced concrete structures of engineering installations service; Conclusion; Index.