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It is well known that two hermitian n x n matrices K, H, where H is positive definite, H> 0, can be simultaneously diagonalized. The key to the proof is to consider C[superscript]n, where C is the complex number field, as a Hilbert space [Fraktur capital]H [subscript]H with the inner product given by (f, g) = g*Hf, where f, g [lowercase Greek]Epsilon C[superscript]n, considered as a space of column vectors. Then the operator A = H−1K is selfadjoint in [Fraktur capital]H [subscript]H, and the spectral theorem readily yields the result. Of course such A, when K is not hermitian, can also be investigated in [Fraktur capital]H [subscript]H. We consider a similar problem where K, H are replaced by a pair of ordinary differential expressions L and M, where M> 0 in some sense. Two difficulties arise: (1) there are many natural choices for a selfadjoint H> 0 generated by M, and hence many choices for [Fraktur capital]H [subscript]H, and (2), once a choice for H has been made, there are many choices for the analogue of A. In our work we consider all possible choices for H> 0 and the analogue of A.
It is well known that two hermitian n x n matrices K, H, where H is positive definite, H > 0, can be simultaneously diagonalized. The key to the proof is to consider C[superscript]n, where C is the complex number field, as a Hilbert space [Fraktur capital]H [subscript]H with the inner product given by (f,g) = g*Hf, where f,g [lowercase Greek]Epsilon C[superscript]n, considered as a space of column vectors. Then the operator A = H−1K is selfadjoint in [Fraktur capital]H [subscript]H, and the spectral theorem readily yields the result. Of course such A, when K is not hermitian, can also be investigated in [Fraktur capital]H [subscript]H. We consider a similar problem where K, H are replaced by a pair of ordinary differential expressions L and M, where M > 0 in some sense. Two difficulties arise: (1) there are many natural choices for a selfadjoint H > 0 generated by M, and hence many choices for [Fraktur capital]H [subscript]H, and (2), once a choice for H has been made, there are many choices for the analogue of A. In our work we consider all possible choices for H > 0 and the analogue of A.
This open access book presents a comprehensive survey of modern operator techniques for boundary value problems and spectral theory, employing abstract boundary mappings and Weyl functions. It includes self-contained treatments of the extension theory of symmetric operators and relations, spectral characterizations of selfadjoint operators in terms of the analytic properties of Weyl functions, form methods for semibounded operators, and functional analytic models for reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces. Further, it illustrates these abstract methods for various applications, including Sturm-Liouville operators, canonical systems of differential equations, and multidimensional Schrödinger operators, where the abstract Weyl function appears as either the classical Titchmarsh-Weyl coefficient or the Dirichlet-to-Neumann map. The book is a valuable reference text for researchers in the areas of differential equations, functional analysis, mathematical physics, and system theory. Moreover, thanks to its detailed exposition of the theory, it is also accessible and useful for advanced students and researchers in other branches of natural sciences and engineering.
Building on the basic techniques of separation of variables and Fourier series, the book presents the solution of boundary-value problems for basic partial differential equations: the heat equation, wave equation, and Laplace equation, considered in various standard coordinate systems--rectangular, cylindrical, and spherical. Each of the equations is derived in the three-dimensional context; the solutions are organized according to the geometry of the coordinate system, which makes the mathematics especially transparent. Bessel and Legendre functions are studied and used whenever appropriate throughout the text. The notions of steady-state solution of closely related stationary solutions are developed for the heat equation; applications to the study of heat flow in the earth are presented. The problem of the vibrating string is studied in detail both in the Fourier transform setting and from the viewpoint of the explicit representation (d'Alembert formula). Additional chapters include the numerical analysis of solutions and the method of Green's functions for solutions of partial differential equations. The exposition also includes asymptotic methods (Laplace transform and stationary phase). With more than 200 working examples and 700 exercises (more than 450 with answers), the book is suitable for an undergraduate course in partial differential equations.
Now enhanced with the innovative DE Tools CD-ROM and the iLrn teaching and learning system, this proven text explains the "how" behind the material and strikes a balance between the analytical, qualitative, and quantitative approaches to the study of differential equations. This accessible text speaks to students through a wealth of pedagogical aids, including an abundance of examples, explanations, "Remarks" boxes, definitions, and group projects. This book was written with the student's understanding firmly in mind. Using a straightforward, readable, and helpful style, this book provides a thorough treatment of boundary-value problems and partial differential equations.
This book is based on an International Conference on Trends in Theory and Practice of Nonlinear Differential Equations held at The University of Texas at Arlington. It aims to feature recent trends in theory and practice of nonlinear differential equations.
With Wiley's Enhanced E-Text, you get all the benefits of a downloadable, reflowable eBook with added resources to make your study time more effective, including: Embedded & searchable equations, figures & tables Math XML Index with linked pages numbers for easy reference Redrawn full color figures to allow for easier identification Elementary Differential Equations, 11th Edition is written from the viewpoint of the applied mathematician, whose interest in differential equations may sometimes be quite theoretical, sometimes intensely practical, and often somewhere in between. The authors have sought to combine a sound and accurate (but not abstract) exposition of the elementary theory of differential equations with considerable material on methods of solution, analysis, and approximation that have proved useful in a wide variety of applications. While the general structure of the book remains unchanged, some notable changes have been made to improve the clarity and readability of basic material about differential equations and their applications. In addition to expanded explanations, the 11th edition includes new problems, updated figures and examples to help motivate students. The program is primarily intended for undergraduate students of mathematics, science, or engineering, who typically take a course on differential equations during their first or second year of study. The main prerequisite for engaging with the program is a working knowledge of calculus, gained from a normal two ] or three ] semester course sequence or its equivalent. Some familiarity with matrices will also be helpful in the chapters on systems of differential equations.