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A regional sample of tree-ring measurements was used to determine average annual growth in trees of 10 major species in New England. There have been extended periods of decreasing growth rates in red spruce since about 1960 and in balsam fir since about 1965. The other eight species, which included sugar maple and white pine, showed constant or increasing growth rates through 1980. The decreases in growth rate in sampled red spruce and balsam fir were independent of physical site characteristics, elevation, and geographic location, indicating that regional factors are involved. Weather parameters and indexes were not closely correlated with growth rates, and the best predictive equation explained only 33 percent of annual variation. Due to past harvests and epidemics of the spruce budworm, much of the red spruce-balsam fir forest below 1,000 m in elevation can be considered to be functioning as even-aged. Historical growth information suggests that these trees should have reached maximum growth around 1960, and that decreasing growth rates since then are the result of normal aging.
Harold Burkhart and Bronson Bullock have updated the quintessential introduction to forest measurements, providing a new generation of forestry students at all levels with the concepts and methods they need for career success. With attention to detail and clear, precise language, the authors present timber measurement techniques applicable to any tree inventory regardless of management objectives. Assuming no more mathematical background than algebra and plane trigonometry, the authors begin with basic statistical concepts to ensure that even introductory students benefit from the book’s concise explanations. Comprehensive coverage of sampling designs, land measurements, tree measurements, forest inventory field methods, and growth projections assures utility for foresters throughout their education and beyond. The new edition includes expanded discussions of information technology and geospatial information systems commonly employed in assessing forest resources. Recognizing the needs of contemporary forest inventories and models, a new chapter on assessing forest carbon builds on the foundations of traditional forest measurements, sampling, and modeling. Abundant photographs and illustrations highlight and clarify important concepts, while many numerical examples allow readers to become comfortable with the quantitative tools employed by foresters.
A valuable working resource for professionals. An excellent text for advanced forestry students . . . This unique book provides students and professionals with a broad-based knowledge of contemporary silviculture theory and practice.Throughout, the authors emphasize fundamental questions of edaphic,physiographic, and climatic site factors, as well as ecologicalrelationships and silvical characteristics of major tree species.Updated and expanded to reflect the many scientific, socioeconomic,and public policy trends that have had a profound impact onsilviculture over the past decade, this Third Edition of RegionalSilviculture of the United States: * Brings together the knowledge and expertise of fourteen leadingexperts from around the nation * Provides a rational framework with which to critically assessforest data and to develop innovative silvicultural solutions * Features region-by-region coverage of the eleven major foresttypes in the continental U.S. and Alaska * Offers a detailed look at practices that promote a wide range offorest resources--from wood production and outdoor recreation, towildlife habitat and range forage production * Now includes more in-depth coverage of such crucial themes asbiodiversity, endangered species, habitat fragmentation, foresthealth, landscape management, neotropical migrants, and more "...silviculture is not reducible to a series of rules; it must beflexible and adaptable to a variety of conditions. Much of it is anart as well as a synthesis of ecology and economics. There is nosingle best answer to how a stand should be managed. Andinstitutional and societal constraints must be considered." --fromthe Preface by John W. Barrett Regional Silviculture of the United States, Third Edition is not a"cookbook,"offering pat recipes for solving "typical" silviculturalproblems. Instead, it arms those responsible for the developmentand care of forests with something far more valuable--a rationalframework for the analysis of forest data and the development ofinnovative solutions tailored to specific forest types and theshifting politicoeconomic constraints under which silviculturalistsmust work. One way in which this book achieves that goal is by providingreaders with a broad-based knowledge of contemporary silviculturetheory and practice. In chapters organized according to the elevenmajor forest regions of the continental U.S., fourteen recognizedexperts from around the nation--each of them a specialist in aparticular region of operation--offer their valuable insights andobservations on silviculture in general and on varioussilvicultural practices with which they are familiar. Throughout,the authors are attentive to fundamental considerations of edaphic,physiographic, and climatic site factors, as well as ecologicalrelationships and silvical characteristics of major treespecies. This Third Edition of John W. Barrett's classic has been revisedand expanded to encompass a number of important themes which haverisen to prominence within silviculture over the past decade,including biodiversity, endangered species, habitat fragmentation,forest health, landscape management, and neotropicalmigrants. Timely, authoritative, and comprehensive in scope, RegionalSilviculture of the United States, Third Edition is a valuableresource for foresters, forestry students, ecologists,environmental scientists, and all those concerned with development,management, and preservation of our most valuable nationaltreasure.