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This handbook is a guide to the federal Endangered Species Act, the primary U.S. law aimed at protecting species of animals and plants from human threats to their survival. It is intended for lawyers, government agency employees, students, community activists, businesspeople, and any citizen who wants to understand the Act--its history, provisions, accomplishments, and failures.
Conservation Biology for All provides cutting-edge but basic conservation science to a global readership. A series of authoritative chapters have been written by the top names in conservation biology with the principal aim of disseminating cutting-edge conservation knowledge as widely as possible. Important topics such as balancing conversion and human needs, climate change, conservation planning, designing and analyzing conservation research, ecosystem services, endangered species management, extinctions, fire, habitat loss, and invasive species are covered. Numerous textboxes describing additional relevant material or case studies are also included. The global biodiversity crisis is now unstoppable; what can be saved in the developing world will require an educated constituency in both the developing and developed world. Habitat loss is particularly acute in developing countries, which is of special concern because it tends to be these locations where the greatest species diversity and richest centres of endemism are to be found. Sadly, developing world conservation scientists have found it difficult to access an authoritative textbook, which is particularly ironic since it is these countries where the potential benefits of knowledge application are greatest. There is now an urgent need to educate the next generation of scientists in developing countries, so that they are in a better position to protect their natural resources.
The Endangered Species Act (ESA) is a far-reaching law that has sparked intense controversies over the use of public lands, the rights of property owners, and economic versus environmental benefits. In this volume a distinguished committee focuses on the science underlying the ESA and offers recommendations for making the act more effective. The committee provides an overview of what scientists know about extinctionâ€"and what this understanding means to implementation of the ESA. Habitatâ€"its destruction, conservation, and fundamental importance to the ESAâ€"is explored in detail. The book analyzes: Concepts of speciesâ€"how the term "species" arose and how it has been interpreted for purposes of the ESA. Conflicts between species when individual species are identified for protection, including several case studies. Assessment of extinction risk and decisions under the ESAâ€"how these decisions can be made more effectively. The book concludes with a look beyond the Endangered Species Act and suggests additional means of biological conservation and ways to reduce conflicts. It will be useful to policymakers, regulators, scientists, natural-resource managers, industry and environmental organizations, and those interested in biological conservation.
In The Science of Conservation Planning, three of the nation's leading conservation biologists explore the role of the scientist in the planning process and present a framework and guidelines for applying science to regional habitat-based conservation planning. Chapters consider history and background of conservation planning efforts, criticisms of science in conservation planning, principles of conservation biology that apply to conservation planning, detailed examination of conservation plans, and specific recommendations for all parties involved. The Science of Conservation Planning will serve as a model for the application of conservation biology to real-life problems, and can lead to the development of scientifically and politically sound plans that are likely to achieve their conservation goals, even in cases where biological and ecological information is limited.
Abstract: This study examines the process of formally considering a California Endangered Species Act (CESA) listing of the western Joshua tree (Yucca brevifolia) as a threatened species under the stated threat of climate change. The Morongo Basin in California serves as a case study intended to showcase an evolving chapter in human-environment relations, the fragile nature of maintaining community cohesion while initiating state level oversight for a local species amid regional shifts, and the interplay between the longtime critical and emerging role of participatory application in political ecology (PE) that serves to foster collaborative strategies for species and landscape-level conservation. Given the precarity involved with species listings, the results of this research are intended to improve upon employed practices for the well-being of threatened and endangered species, ecological systems, and all stakeholders to the greatest extent possible. This is accomplished through the dissemination of stakeholder perspectives along with theoretical contributions of applied, or participatory, New West PE. The research methodology involves discourse network analysis (DNA) and Visone actor-concept network visualization programs. It also involves key informant interviews with stakeholder groups of diverse affiliations. This study finds that conceptualizations of nature vary in depth along the line of stakeholder affiliation while tending to center the western Joshua tree in the frame of personal views and values of the natural world. Furthermore, this state of species centrality plays into observed shifts in high desert communities that are emblematic of regional trends. These trends are manifested in the Morongo Basin by emergent actors that are unique in their composition. In addition, the unique nature of environmental conflict itself highlighted the multifaceted role of the western Joshua tree in the Morongo Basin, misalignment between local level decision makers and the CESA process, the indirect impacts of community changes on species conservation, and the precedential nature of climate change as a rationale for a CESA listing. Isolated stakeholder contributions to the conservation debate reveal a lack of collaboration across divergent interests. Proposals for improved management of the western Joshua tree highlight a need for greater education, inclusivity, and sustainability in species management, restoration, and planning. Propositions to improve the CESA process revealed a need for clarifying steps and their implications, penalties, mitigation goals, and the future of species and their respective ecological systems in an era of anthropologically induced climate change. The results of this study overall demonstrate the unique opportunity available to combine the principles of applied PE in the New West with endangered species conservation strategies to facilitate collaborative management of the western Joshua tree and its Mojave Desert habitat.