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New York and New Jersey during the post-World War II era saw a growth, not just in the cities, but also in their suburbs. Suburban growth was in no small part due to the new technologies in the shipping industry; the container ship and the shipping container revolutionized this industry. Moving cargo by train, truck, and ship, later to be renamed intermodalism, made it possible to achieve true global trade. Although not a new idea, it came into its own with the invention of an interlocking mechanism. This interlocking mechanism allowed for trailers, later to be renamed containers, to be stacked thus stacking provided a structurally sound way of transporting them to and from ports. This further allowed trucks, trains, and ships to interwork with one another with minimal fuss. They could transport the containers from one to the other without ever taking the cargo out of the trailer thus saving all involved many hours of removing and reloading cargo from ships, trucks, and trains to one another. The labor that took days to perform now takes hours with less longshoremen needed to do those tasks. New Jersey ports in Elizabeth and Newark flourished why [sic] New York City ports declined.
Examining the global significance of the freight container, with particular emphasis on the perspectives of the US and China, Globalization Contained considers the implications of the freight container as an agent of change for the future of the global economy and global security.
In April 1956, a refitted oil tanker carried fifty-eight shipping containers from Newark to Houston. From that modest beginning, container shipping developed into a huge industry that reshaped manufacturing. But the container didn't just happen. Its adoption required huge sums of money, years of high-stakes bargaining, and delicate negotiation on standards. Now with a new chapter, The Box tells the dramatic story of how the drive and imagination of an iconoclastic entrepreneur turned containerization from an impractical idea into a phenomenon that transformed economic geography, slashed transportation costs, and made the boom in global trade possible. -- from back cover.
Taking the German container ports Hamburg and Bremen as examples, this book analyzes the impact of environmental policy making on a globalized industry. Competing for the leading position within the expanding European seaport and logistics system, both cities try to ensure constant infrastructure extension. Case studies illustrate the development of the regional port industries. The book investigates how political and economic actors pursue the adaptation to changing economic conditions. The main focus lies on the confrontations with actors representing environmental concerns. The study explores processes in various networks, in the public, and in political arenas at different political levels. Thereby, it combines questions of environmental policy research with regional development and the investigation of European multi-level relations. What can be said about the effect of European, national or regional governance structures aiming at the protection of environmental quality? While economic interests are less dominant than often claimed the existing institutional arrangement is characterized as insufficient to influence the ongoing spatial restructuring substantially.
This book studies the economic impact of container traffic at one of the most important ports in the Mediterranean: the Port of Algeciras Bay (PAB). The authors analyse the global framework of the containerisation business and the characteristics that currently condition this process. Following is an explanation of the physical characteristics of the PAB, and a description of the situation as regards the physical and logistics infrastructure in principal Mediterranean ports.
This book maintains that container shipping is vital to the actualisation of globalisation, and that without it, globalisation would remain a concept rather than reality. It argues that container shipping has been academically overlooked as a global business sector in favour of more prominent sectors such as oil or arms trade, and aims to provide a complete history of containerisation from the 1950s to the turn of the millennium. This history explores the growth of the container industry due to prominent innovation in vessel design, early adoption of the internet, large international mergers, and significant physical alterations to the global port system. With particular emphasis on the east-west trade, the chapters cover the growth and development of the container industry, to the social changes experienced by seafaring labour forces, the cultural impact of the container - bringing a domineering land-presence to maritime activity, through to the environmental concerns surrounding the industry. The study is not a quantitative economic analysis of the industry, rather, an updated history that strives to demonstrate the importance of transport infrastructures to any consideration of global business sectors, by providing evidence of the container industry’s stimulation of the global economy.
This book gives an account of how the U.S. freight transportation system has been impacted and “globalized,” since the 1950s, by the presence of the shipping container. A globally standardized object, the container carries cargo moving in international trade, and it utilizes and fits within the existing transportation infrastructures of shipping, trucking and railroads. In this way it binds them together into a nearly seamless worldwide logistics network. This process occurs not only in ocean shipping and at ports, but also deep within national territories. In its dependence on existing infrastructural systems, though, the network of container movement as it pervades domestic space is shaped by the history and geography of the nation-state. This global network is not invariably imposed in a top-down manner—to a large degree, it is cobbled together out of national, regional and local systems. Heins describes this in the American context, examining the freight transportation infrastructures of railroads, trucking and inland waterways, and also the terminals where containers are transferred between train and truck. The book provides a detailed historical narrative, and is also theoretically informed by the contemporary literature on infrastructure and globalization.