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The use of mulches as a reforestation tool in Oregon and California began primarily in the late 1950's. Many types of mulches were tried including sheets of plastic, newspaper, and plywood; various thicknesses of bark, sawdust, sand, and straw; sprayed-on petroleum resin; and even large plastic buckets. Most proved to be ineffective, costly or both. Early trials tended to use small, short-lived materials that aided conifer seedling survival, but not growth. Compared to other weed-control techniques available at the time, mulches were rather expensive. Current trends are to apply longer-lived, somewhat larger mulches of mostly sheet materials made of reinforced paper, polyester, or polypropylene. When the various costs of mulching (material, installation, and maintenance) are totalled, the overall cost of the technique continues to be high. Recently, new mulch materials of polyester, polypropylene, or combinations of both have allowed silviculturists to consider large, durable mulches (10 by 10 feet or 3 by 3 m) for enhancement of growth (not just survival), and to control plants with stiffer stems.
Regenerating British Columbia's Forests will assist those responsible for planning reforestation projects to reach informed decisions and will challenge them to consider primarily the biological factors basic to reforestation success rather than short-term costs and production technology. Although its main audience is practising foresters and forestry students of British Columbia, the text will be of considerable interest to foresters in other parts of Canada, the United States, and Europe who manage reforestation.
This annotated bibliography was compiled to provide a comprehensive list of sources on the ecological factors that affect forest regeneration. Abstracts from 494 publications are indexed by author, species, and subject, and are arranged into 4 major sections. Topics include the effects of biotic factors, abiotic factors, and stand and site history on vegetation, effects of vegetation on aerial and soil resources, effects of vegetation on stand development, vegetation management, plant succession, and response of vegetation to silvicultural activities and disturbances. The citations are predominately for coastal Douglas-fir occurring west of the Cascade Range in Oregon and Washington; however, applicable citations for associated conifers, hardwoods, shrubs, and herbs and for Alaska, California, and British Columbia are also included. Citations on forest genetics, seeds, seedling physiology, and insects are not included in the bibliography.
This major volume presents a wealth of fundamental and applied research on managing Coast Range forest and stream ecosystems. Written primarily for managers and resource specialists, the book will also appeal to policymakers, resource scientists, forest landowners, the conservation community, and students interested in forestry, fisheries, and wildlife sciences.
A radically new understanding of and practical approach to climate change by noted environmentalist Paul Hawken, creator of the New York Times bestseller Drawdown Regeneration offers a visionary new approach to climate change, one that weaves justice, climate, biodiversity, equity, and human dignity into a seamless tapestry of action, policy, and transformation that can end the climate crisis in one generation. It is the first book to describe and define the burgeoning regeneration movement spreading rapidly throughout the world. Regeneration describes how an inclusive movement can engage the majority of humanity to save the world from the threat of global warming, with climate solutions that directly serve our children, the poor, and the excluded. This means we must address current human needs, not future existential threats, real as they are, with initiatives that include but go well beyond solar, electric vehicles, and tree planting to include such solutions as the fifteen-minute city, bioregions, azolla fern, food localization, fire ecology, decommodification, forests as farms, and the number one solution for the world: electrifying everything. Paul Hawken and the nonprofit Regeneration Organization are launching a series of initiatives to accompany the book, including a streaming video series, curriculum, podcasts, teaching videos, and climate action software. Regeneration is the inspiring and necessary guide to inform the rapidly spreading climate movement.
The Forest Regeneration Manual presents state-of-the-art information about current regeneration practices for southern pines in the United States. Over 1.2 billion seedlings of five major species -- loblolly, slash, longleaf, sand, and shortleaf -- are planted each year. In 22 chapters, the Manual details fundamental steps in establishing successful young pine plantations: regeneration planning, including economic and legal aspects; regeneration harvest methods; propagation by seed and vegetative techniques; bareroot and container seedling culturing in the nursery; measures of seedling quality; site potential; -- environment, associated vegetation, soils; matching species to sites; site preparation -- mechanical and chemical methods, fire, fertilization; seedling handling before planting; planting practices and measures of regeneration success; promoting early plantation growth and management of competing vegetation, insects, disease, and wildlife.