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This textbook has been written to help teachers and students to pilot their way through the enormous and ever expanding literature on the French Revolution. The author makes a conscious effort to combine social and political interpretations of the origins of the Revolution and offers a synthesis which takes full account of current debates. He also seeks to restore the Revolution to its domestic environment. Notwithstanding the powerful contemporary myth of rupture, the author argues that the dramatic events of 1789 need to be considered alongside the reform achievements of Bourbon absolute monarchy. The result is a new account of the gestation of the Revolution which is both up-to-date and satisfying in its range of vision.
This is an up-to-date textbook which links together the end of the French old regime and the start of the Revolution, two periods of history which are often studied in isolation. It combines social and political interpretations of the 'origins' of the Revolution, and takes full account of current debates.
Now in its fourth edition, P.M. Jones’ The French Revolution has been extensively revised and incorporates the most recent research on race, religion, gender and citizens’ rights. It also covers, in detail, the colonial repercussions of the revolution in both the Caribbean and the Indian Ocean. Written with the needs of students in mind, this volume recounts the dramatic years from 1787 to 1804 when the ancien régime was replaced by a constitutional monarchy and then a republic. Jones covers the difficulties facing King Louis XVI in the run up to the attack on the Bastille, and explains how the Revolution led to the creation of the First French Empire by France’s most successful General – Napoleon Bonaparte. Wherever possible, the actions and reactions of ordinary men and women who found themselves caught up in the turmoil are recorded. By analysing the revolution’s significance for both Europe and the world beyond, the concluding section sets the revolution in a global context. With study aids such as a chronology, who’s who, glossary and an enlarged selection of documents to allow for research and discussion, this book remains a useful tool for students interested in politics, culture and society during the French Revolution.
"Now in its fourth edition, P.M. Jones' The French Revolution has been extensively revised and incorporates the most recent research on race, religion, gender, and citizens' rights. It also covers, in detail, the colonial repercussions of the Revolution in both the Caribbean and the Indian Ocean. With study aids such as a chronology, who's who, glossary, and an enlarged selection of documents to allow for research and discussion, this book remains a useful tool for students interested in politics, culture, and society during the French Revolution"--
The period following the American War of Independence was, for the France of Louis XVI, the high water mark of its diplomatic prestige. With France's arch-rival, Britain, humbled by the loss of her main north American colonies and deprived of any significant continental alliances, Louis felt confident that France could at last re-assume its natural role as the economic, political and military leader of Europe. That this did not happen, and if anything France's international prestige sunk even lower, was a bitter pill for its rulers, and one that was to have important ramifications beyond the sphere of foreign policy. Indeed, continued frustration at France's impotence on the world stage became a pressing domestic issue, with radically opposing solutions being put forward to bring about a 'national regeneration'. This work focuses on the policy responses of the National Constituent Assembly to the issues of global competition, especially in the maritime, colonial and economic sphere, and with particular reference to Anglo-French rivalry. These responses are contrasted to the policies of the 'reforming' royal government of the Pre-Revolution of 1787-1789. From this analysis of the Old and New Regimes' respective global policies, it is shown how French responses to the demands of international competition played a role in both fostering and shaping the Revolution of 1789. Moreover, Whiteman argues that in spite of profound ideological differences, in material terms there was a significant degree of continuity between the policies of the Constituent deputies and the Old Regime royal government.
If the Fall of the Bastille on July 14, 1789, marks the symbolic beginning of the French Revolution, then August 4 is the day the Old Regime ended, for it was on that day (or, more precisely, that night) that the National Assembly met and undertook sweeping reforms that ultimately led to a complete reconstruction of the French polity. What began as a prearranged meeting with limited objectives suddenly took on a frenzied atmosphere during which dozens of noble deputies renounced their traditional privileges and dues. By the end of the night, the Assembly had instituted more meaningful reform than had the monarchy in decades of futile efforts. In The Night the Old Regime Ended, Michael Fitzsimmons offers the first full-length study in English of the night of August 4 and its importance to the French Revolution. Fitzsimmons argues against François Furet and others who maintain that the Terror was implicit in the events of 1789. To the contrary, Fitzsimmons shows that the period from 1789 to 1791 was a genuine moderate phase of the Revolution. Unlike all of its successor bodies, the National Assembly passed no punitive legislation against recalcitrant clergy or émigrés, and it amnestied all those imprisoned for political offenses before it disbanded. In the final analysis, the remarkable degree of change accomplished peacefully is what distinguishes the early period of the Revolution and gives it world-historical importance.
The French Revolution can be seen as an enormous explosion of civic energy with huge ramifications for the rest of the world. In this balanced and accessible account, P.M Jones: Considers the build-up of pressure between 1787 and 1789 as the power of the ancien régimebegan to crumble Analyses the dramatic events that began with the taking of the Bastille in 1789 and led to the establishment of a radical new order Examines the demise of the Republic in 1804 and assesses the wider significance of the revolutionary decade At the core of the Revolution lay the realisation among ordinary men and women that the human condition was not fixed until the end of time, but could be altered for the better. However, it was soon discovered that the task of building a new and better society would require huge amounts of effort and ingenuity - as well as suffering on a massive scale. This new edition of P.M. Jones's authoritative overview has been significantly revised to include new material on politics, state violence, the army and citizenship in the French Caribbean colonies. In addition, it includes an expanded selection of original documents and illuminating contemporary images. P. M. JONES is Professor of French History at the University of Birmingham. He has written extensively on the French Revolution and French rural history.
The Ancien Régime and the Revolution is a comparison of revolutionary France and the despotic rule it toppled. Alexis de Tocqueville (1805–59) is an objective observer of both periods – providing a merciless critique of the ancien régime: with its venality: oppression and inequality: yet acknowledging the reforms introduced under Louis XVI: and claiming that the post-Revolution state was in many ways as tyrannical as that of the King; its once lofty and egalitarian ideals corrupted and forgotten. Writing in the 1850s: Tocqueville wished to expose the return to despotism he witnessed in his own time under Napoleon III: by illuminating the grand: but ultimately doomed: call to liberty made by the French people in 1789. His eloquent and instructive study raises questions about liberty: nationalism and justice that remain urgent today.
By giving rise to new ideologies that in time transformed the political structure of much of the world, the American and French Revolutions stand as two of the most important political events in global history. The American establishment of a Republican government, and the gradual expansion of democracy that ensued, altered traditional political and social thought, thus shaping the later French Revolution and creating the core ethic of later American political values. The Enlightenment ideals of the French Revolution, as later spread by the armies of Napoleon, dissolved most traditional European notions of political authority. This encyclopedia offers current, detailed information on the people, events, movements, and ideas that defined the revolutions in France and America, as well as in other parts of the world during the late eighteenth-century Age of Revolutions. Besides numerous entries on various countries of Europe whose histories were affected by the French Revolution, such as Austria, Belgium, Germany, Poland, and Russia, the many entries covering the people, events, groups, and ideologies of Revolutionary and Napoleonic France include the following: Civil Constitution of the Clergy, Georges Jacques Danton, The Directory, Guillotine, Josephine, Empress of France, Law of Suspects, The Mountain, Prairial Insurrection, Tennis Court Oath, White Terror. Besides various entries covering American colonies/states, such as Maryland, New Jersey, North Carolina, and Virginia, the numerous entries covering the figures, events, and ideologies of the American Revolution and Early Federal Period of the United States include the following: Abigail Adams, Boston Massacre, Constitutional Convention, William Franklin, Lexington and Concord, Actions at Loyalists, Massachusetts Government Act, Edmund Randolph, Signers of the Declaration of Independence. Finally, the encyclopedia offers various entries covering important revolutionary figures and movements that were active in other parts of the world during the period 1760-1815, including the following: Simon Bolivar, Dutch Revolutions, Haitian Revolution, Hispaniola, Latin American Revolutions, Mexican Revolution, Pugachev Rebellion, Toussaint l'Ouverture. Besides over 450 clearly written and highly informative entries, the encyclopedia also includes primary documents, a chronology, an extensive introductory essay, a bibliography, a guide to related topics, and a series of useful maps.