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To investigate the reflective crack-propagation behavior and provide control techniques for asphalt pavements widening, the finite-element models were built to simulate the widened asphalt pavement with a latent joint. The developed finite-element model considered the influence factors, including the loading modes (i.e., the symmetrical and unsymmetrical loading modes), the thickness and modulus of the asphalt concrete surface, the modulus of the new and existing stabilized bases, and the sheet stiffness of the reinforced geosynthetic. The finite-element simulation results show that increasing the thickness or reducing the modulus of the asphalt concrete surface effectively delays the propagation speed of the reflective cracks. The cracking potential reaches the minimum when the new and existing bases have a uniform modulus. Additionally, geosynthetic reinforcement across the joints significantly reduces the stress concentration around the crack tip and slows down the propagation of the reflective cracks. These benefits become greater when increasing the sheet stiffness of the geosynthetic. Finally, an experimental study was conducted to investigate the influence of the types of the asphalt overlay and the geosynthetic reinforcement on the reflective crack-propagation behavior. The experimental results indicate that the geosynthetic-reinforced structure with a lower modulus of the asphalt concrete surface significantly increases the fatigue life of widened pavements, and the polypropylene geotextile performs better than the glass-fiber grid in terms of the extension of the fatigue life.
Crack reflection through a road structure is one of the main causes of premature pavement deterioration. This is a widespread problem in many countries and highway maintenance authorities are having to find economic means of repairing and upgrading their pavements. This book is the eagerly awaited state-of-the-art report which considers all different aspects of the subject including assessment and use of overlay systems.
This book forms the Proceedings of the Second International RILEM Conference held in Liege in March 1993. It follows the successful first conference held in 1989 and focusses on two main topics: the current state of the art of reflective cracking in highway and other pavements, and design recommendations for field applications. As well as more than
Proceedings of RILEM TC-PRC third conference on this subject. Papers from road authorities, engineers, researchers, contractors and manufacturers discussing the implementation and the long term behaviour of overlay systems. The following topics are covered: prevention and cracking assessment, choice and design of overlay systems, practical implemen
The Illinois Department of Transportation (IDOT) spends two million dollars annually on reflective crack control treatments; however, their cost-effectiveness has never before been reliably determined. The study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of IDOT reflective crack control system "A", which consists of a non-woven, polypropylene paving fabric, placed either in strips longitudinally over lane-widening joints or over the entire pavement ("area" treatment). Performance of 52 projects across Illinois was assessed through crack mapping and from distress and serviceability data in IDOT's Condition Rating Survey (CRS) database. Comparisons of measured reflective cracking in treated and control sections revealed that system "A" retards longitudinal reflective widening crack development, but does not significantly retard transverse reflective cracking. However, both strip and area applications of these fabric treatments appeared to improve overall pavement serviceability, and were estimated to increase rehabilitation life spans by 1.1 and 3.6 years, respectively. Life-cycle cost analyses (LCCA) found strip and area reflective crack control treatments to be marginally cost effective, where a 4.5% reduction in life-cycle costs was estimated, for medium-sized projects [between 1 and 6 mi (1.6 and 9.7 km) of two-lane road]. Small projects [under 1 mi (1.6 km) of two-lane road] showed a breakeven level of cost-effectiveness, while large projects [over 6 mi (9.7 km) of two-lane road] showed a 6.2% savings in life-cycle costs. Permeability testing of field cores taken over transverse joints showed that waterproofing benefits can exist after reflective crack appearance, which explains why serviceability was improved with area treatment even though crack development was not retarded. Guidelines for establishing and monitoring future experimental sections were also developed.
Internationally, much attention is given to causes, prevention, and rehabilitation of cracking in concrete, flexible, and composite pavements. The Sixth RILEMInternational Conference on Cracking in Pavements (Chicago, June 16-18, 2008) provided a forum for discussion of recent developments and research results.This book is a collection of papers fr
Reflective cracking due to shrinkage and brittleness in asphalt pavements can seriously degrade an asphalt overlay before it is near its design life. Geosynthetics have been used to impede the reflection of existing transverse cracking to the new overlay. The geosynthetics are intended to minimize the tension transferred to the overlay from the existing pavement. The Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT) installed a test section consisting of 120 transverse cracks treated with five different geosynthetic types, 22 transverse cracks treated with crack filling only and a control section of 20 untreated transverse cracks. The test and control sections were constructed over an open-graded asphalt concrete pavement. The overlay was also an open-graded mix. The 140 transverse crack section is located on US Highway 97 between Milepoint 213.58 and Milepoint 217.64.
Premature cracking in asphalt pavements and overlays continues to shorten pavement lifecycles and creates significant economic and environmental burden. In response, RILEM Technical Committee TC 241-MCD on Mechanisms of Cracking and Debonding in Asphalt and Composite Pavements has conducted a State-of-the-Art Review (STAR), as detailed in this comprehensive book. Cutting-edge research performed by RILEM members and their international partners is presented, along with summaries of open research questions and recommendations for future research. This book is organized according to the theme areas of TC 241-MCD - i.e., fracture in the asphalt bulk material, interface debonding behaviour, and advanced measurement systems. This STAR is expected to serve as a long term reference for researchers and practitioners, as it contributes to a deeper fundamental understanding of the mechanisms behind cracking and debonding in asphalt concrete and composite pavement systems.
In the recent past, new materials, laboratory and in-situ testing methods and construction techniques have been introduced. In addition, modern computational techniques such as the finite element method enable the utilization of sophisticated constitutive models for realistic model-based predictions of the response of pavements. The 7th RILEM International Conference on Cracking of Pavements provided an international forum for the exchange of ideas, information and knowledge amongst experts involved in computational analysis, material production, experimental characterization, design and construction of pavements. All submitted contributions were subjected to an exhaustive refereed peer review procedure by the Scientific Committee, the Editors and a large group of international experts in the topic. On the basis of their recommendations, 129 contributions which best suited the goals and the objectives of the Conference were chosen for presentation and inclusion in the Proceedings. The strong message that emanates from the accepted contributions is that, by accounting for the idiosyncrasies of the response of pavement engineering materials, modern sophisticated constitutive models in combination with new experimental material characterization and construction techniques provide a powerful arsenal for understanding and designing against the mechanisms and the processes causing cracking and pavement response deterioration. As such they enable the adoption of truly "mechanistic" design methodologies. The papers represent the following topics: Laboratory evaluation of asphalt concrete cracking potential; Pavement cracking detection; Field investigation of pavement cracking; Pavement cracking modeling response, crack analysis and damage prediction; Performance of concrete pavements and white toppings; Fatigue cracking and damage characterization of asphalt concrete; Evaluation of the effectiveness of asphalt concrete modification; Crack growth parameters and mechanisms; Evaluation, quantification and modeling of asphalt healing properties; Reinforcement and interlayer systems for crack mitigation; Thermal and low temperature cracking of pavements; and Cracking propensity of WMA and recycled asphalts.