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This innovative book examines why national courts refer preliminary references to the European Court of Justice (ECJ), and what the referring court does with the answers. Jasper Krommendijk highlights the three core stages in the interaction between national courts and the ECJ: question, answer and follow-up, shedding new light on this under-explored area.
This book provides a detailed examination of the law and practice of the preliminary reference procedure in EU law. It is designed to be of practical use in litigation and case preparation.
In this book, Kanstantsin Dzehtsiarou argues that, from the legal perspective, the formula 'European public order' is excessively vague and does not have an identifiable meaning; therefore, it should not be used by the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) in its reasoning. However, European public order can also be understood as an analytical concept which does not require a clearly defined content. In this sense, the ECtHR can impact European public order but cannot strategically shape it. The Court's impact is a by-product of individual cases which create a feedback loop with the contracting states. European public order is influenced as a result of interaction between the Court and the contracting parties. This book uses a wide range of sources and evidence to substantiate its core arguments: from a comprehensive analysis of the Court's case law to research interviews with the judges of the ECtHR.
This fully updated and revised second edition of Preliminary References to the European Court of Justice provides a meticulous and yet easily accessible examination of all aspects of the preliminary reference procedure. Since the first edition there have been significant changes to the European Union's legal foundations. First and foremost of those being the signing of the Lisbon Treaty, which has had both direct and indirect consequences for the preliminary reference procedure. In addition, the authors have taken into account amendments to the Rules of Procedure of the Court of Justice and the Court's amended Statute, they have added expanded treatment of the acte clair doctrine and the Court's Cartesio ruling and a more general revision of the text bringing it up to date by taking into account new case law and new legal writings. In addition to these important updates, the authors have also revised the structure of the book. With backgrounds as both practitioners and academics the two authors have produced a book that caters for the needs of both practitioners and academics.
The European Court of Human Rights has long been part of the most advanced human rights regime in the world. However, the Court has increasingly drawn criticism, with questions raised about its legitimacy and backlog of cases. This book for the first time brings together the critics of the Court and its proponents to debate these issues. The result is a collection which reflects balanced perspectives on the Court's successes and challenges. Judges, academics and policymakers engage constructively with the Court's criticism, developing novel pathways and strategies for the Court to adopt to increase its legitimacy, to amend procedures to reduce the backlog of applications, to improve dialogue with national authorities and courts, and to ensure compliance by member States. The solutions presented seek to ensure the Court's relevance and impact into the future and to promote the effective protection of human rights across Europe. Containing a dynamic mix of high-profile contributors from across Council of Europe member States, this book will appeal to human rights professionals, European policymakers and politicians, law and politics academics and students as well as human rights NGOs.
Analysis of the Court of Justice's practice, and the book is extensively referenced throughout with all the most relevant sources reproduced in the annexes. Readership: Advocates, Judges, and legal academics with an interest in EU law.
The European Convention on Human Rights: A Commentary is the first complete article-by-article commentary on the ECHR and its Protocols in English. This book provides an entry point for every part of the Convention: the substance of the rights, the workings of the Court, and the enforcement of its judgments. A separate chapter is devoted to each distinct provision or article of the Convention as well as to Protocols 1, 4, 6, 7, 12, 13, and 16, which have not been incorporated in the Convention itself and remain applicable to present law. Each chapter contains: a short introduction placing the provision within the context of international human rights law more generally; a review of the drafting history or preparatory work of the provision; a discussion of the interpretation of the text and the legal issues, with references to the case law of the European Court of Human Rights and the European Commission on Human Rights; and a selective bibliography on the provision. Through a thorough review of the ECHR this commentary is both exhaustive and concise. It is an accessible resource that is ideal for lawyers, students, journalists, and others with an interest in the world's most successful human rights regime.
This book is structured to reflect the different questions that may arise in connection with a preliminary reference. It explains who can make a reference, what questions can be referred, and when can, when should, and when must a reference be made. Thereupon the book provides detailed guidance on the form and contents of the actual reference as well as the procedure, both before the referring court and the European Court of Justice. Finally, the preliminary ruling and its effects are explained together with the questions of cost and legal aid. Now in its third edition, this book has proved to be of considerable value to the legal practitioner faced with the subtleties of a preliminary reference - be it as judge or advocate. However, it is much more than an advance practitioners' guide. With backgrounds as both practitioners and academics, the two authors have produced a book that also caters for the needs of academics. The practical guidance is thus supplemented by the critical analysis of the Court of Justice's practice. This fully updated and revised edition of Broberg and Fenger on Preliminary References to the European Court of Justice provides a meticulous, yet easily accessible examination of all aspects of the preliminary reference procedure.
The preliminary reference procedure under Article 267 TFEU is the keystone of the EU judicial system and its legal order. Based on a dialogue between the Court of Justice and national courts, it is strictly linked to the protection of the rights that individuals derive from EU law. This book focuses on this procedure from the perspective of the right to effective judicial protection, in light of Article 19(1), second subparagraph, TEU and Article 47 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU. It explores the level of protection that is ensured to individuals in order to access to the Court of Justice through preliminary references on the validity of EU acts and on the interpretation of EU law. The book offers a threefold perspective on preliminary references, through an analysis of the case law of the Court of Justice itself, of the European Court of Human Rights in relation to Article 6(1) ECHR, and of the constitutional courts of Austria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Germany, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Spain, where the national courts’ refusals to refer can lead to the violation of national constitutional rights. It further investigates the obligations for Member States and national courts in the framework of the preliminary reference procedure and how the right to effective judicial protection affects them. The examination outlines the implications that could flow from the recognition of a right for individuals to have a question referred to the ECJ, as part of the right to effective judicial protection under EU law, in particular its nature and its enforcement. Building upon the existing system of sanctions for the violations of the obligation to submit a preliminary question, the book advances some proposals to rethink the current system of remedies.
Presents a new approach to prominent judgments of the European Court of Justice drawing on the writings of Judge Robert Lecourt.