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This book relates in particular to the Javanese inscriptions of the period A.D. 901-929, a time of special interest because of the transfer of royal government from Central to East Java. With the aid of inscriptions from this period, as well as before and after, it is possible to draw tentative conclusions which seek the explanation for this shift not so much in the area of political but of socio-economic history. This is the first study to pay attention to the role of socio-economic factors in early Javanese history. By examining the Old Javanese inscriptions in detail, it is possible to produce valuable information on trade—merchandise and merchants; on the administrative system as it affected the change in the country-side—the sima and the watěk; and on the many officials who were involved in the carrying out the king’s orders as the affected the change in tax-status of a foundation. The book contains full lists of various categories of items from the inscriptions which provide a basis for the renewed study of Old Javanese epigraphic materials.
This substantial work explores the impact of monetization in premodern Southeast Asia from the third century BCE to the rise of Maleka in the early fifteenth century. The author explores why concepts of money developed unevenly throughout the region. He considers trade policies, price controls, exchange ratios, monopolies, variant standards of value, and the administrative structures required to support such a complex economic innovation.
Discusses the historical and cultural changes that occurred in Asia throughout history.
Ancient Southeast Asia provides readers with a much needed synthesis of the latest discoveries and research in the archaeology of the region, presenting the evolution of complex societies in Southeast Asia from the protohistoric period, beginning around 500BC, to the arrival of British and Dutch colonists in 1600. Well-illustrated throughout, this comprehensive account explores the factors which established Southeast Asia as an area of unique cultural fusion. Miksic and Goh explore how the local population exploited the abundant resources available, developing maritime transport routes which resulted in economic and cultural wealth, including some of the most elaborate art styles and monumental complexes ever constructed. The book’s broad geographical and temporal coverage, including a chapter on the natural environment, provides readers with the context needed to understand this staggeringly diverse region. It utilizes French, Dutch, Chinese, Malay-Indonesian and Burmese sources and synthesizes interdisciplinary theoretical perspectives and data from archaeology, history and art history. Offering key opportunities for comparative research with other centres of early socio-economic complexity, Ancient Southeast Asia establishes the area’s importance in world history.
This title is available online in its entirety in Open Access. This publication provides a new understanding of the religious function of the East Javanese temples. The study of the cap-figures and their symbolism yields an outstanding contribution to the uniqueness of Majapahit culture.
Southeast Asia has sometimes been portrayed as a static place. In the ninth to fourteenth centuries, however, the region experienced extensive trade, bitter wars, kingdoms rising and falling, ethnic groups on the move, the construction of impressive monuments and debate about profound religious issues. Readers of this volume will learn much of how people lived in Southeast Asia five hundred to one thousand years ago; the region today cannot be comprehended without reference to the seminal developments of that period.