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A movable-bed physical model was used to investigate and solve potential channel development and maintenance problems associated with Lock and Dam No. 4 on the Red River in Louisiana. The model reproduced the Red River from 1967 river mile 213.1 to 204.7 using a distorted scale of 1:120 horizontally and 1:80 vertically. The model was adjusted to reproduce prototype conditions before the inclusion of the proposed project. The upstream approach to Lock and Dam No. 4 will include a short-radius man-made cutoff through the neck of the existing bend, shortening the length of the existing bendway by approximately 1 mile. The lock and dam will also be located in an excavated channel, cutting off about 3 miles of an existing bendway. Procedures were developed to properly model channel modifications that significantly shorten the channel length. Various configurations of dikes and berms were evaluated to determine the optimum configuration for maintaining a satisfactory navigation channel. Hydraulic models, Red River, Navigation channels, River training structures, Navigation locks and dams, Sedimentation.
John H. Overton Lock and Dam, located in a cutoff channel between river miles 89.0 and 86.5 of the Red River, is designed to maintain a narrow pool elevation of 64 (all elevations are in feet referred to National Geodetic Vertical Datum) upstreaan to Lock and Dam 4. The design calls for an 84 ft by 685-ft usable lock chamber and a dam with five 60-ft-wide gates. A movable-bed model study was performed to determine the alignment of the channel and the arrangement of the lock and dam that would provide the most satisfactory channel for both navigation and sediment movement. The movable-bed model was built to a scale of 1:20 horizontally and 1:80 vertically and reproduced the study area from river miles 90.0 to 85.0. The movable bed was molded using crushed coal with a median grain size of 4 mm and a specific gravity of 1.30. The original design for the lock and dam (Plans A and B) used a six-gate dam, maintaining the upper pool at el 58. The darm was redesigned prior to testing of Plan C, going to the final design of five gates, maintaining the upper pool at el 64. Plan C-81 showed a tendency for reduced deposition along the left bank of the upper lock approach. Plan D reduced scour downstream of the lower lock approach, and Plan D-1 also reduced scour but increased deposition along the left bank of the lower lock approach. Plan E prevented shoaling in the upper lock approach, and Plan E-1 would likely increase shoaling compared with the Base Examination conditions.