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This book encapsulates the creation of Bangladesh with stories of some of those who made it happen —from the perspectives of people who fought for recognition of Bangla as one of the state languages of Pakistan, those who brought the stories of war to life as it progressed through the Swadhin Bangla Betar Kendro, operations by valiant military men, sacrifices of Birangonas (women of valour) whose contribution to the liberation of Bangladesh has often been neglected, martyrs who laid down their lives for the birth of the nation, and those who worked among the freedom fighters and refugees and kept their morale high. The emergence of Bangladesh in 1971 shaped both the nation and its narratives that revolved around partition of the subcontinent earlier in 1947. The history of Bangladesh was rewritten from the people’s perspective. The struggle of individuals and families who contributed to the liberation of Bangladesh is etched in blood and it is but natural that their perspectives would inform those interested in studying the history of liberation in a larger context. More than fifty years have passed since Bangladesh was liberated. Yet stories of individual suffering, sacrifices and contributions illustrate how people endured the repression inflicted by the Pakistan Army on them and yet fought gallantly. Three million were killed, 2 million were raped and 10 million became refugees in India. Bangladesh’s liberation war also represents the struggle of a people to preserve their culture and identity. This book captures all these and much more, bringing in reminiscences of what 1971 represented to those who contributed directly to the war of liberation. The book will be of interest to scholars and researchers of politics and international relations, partition studies, South Asian studies and refugee and diaspora studies. The chapters in this book were originally published in Strategic Analysis.
Bangladeshi women recall the sexualized violence of the war of 1971, fought between India and what was then East and West Pakistan.
The book is a comprehensive study of border-related issues arising from the 1947 Partition of India. It looks at various cases of border disputes and affrays such as disputes related to the incorporation of princely states like Kashmir and Jaunpur, the agitation for the creation of new political entities, post-partition reconstruction of Punjab and old pre-partition Punjabi leaders losing their relevance, the Kamtapuri movement, Khasi and Mizo and Chin dissatisfactions, as well as the secession of East Pakistan in 1971. An important contribution to the study of borders, the volume will be useful for students and researchers of modern Indian history, colonial India, Partition studies, borderland studies, refugee studies, minority studies, political science, film studies, postcolonial studies, and South Asian studies.
The British Bangladeshi diaspora is located at a complex intersection in postcolonial Britain. It not only embodies the unfolding legacy of the erstwhile colonial empire but is also a critical site of contemporary debates around race, religion, and nation. Using an innovative interdisciplinary approach combining key concepts from memory studies, diaspora studies, and arts-based methodologies, this book locates how ‘hidden’ histories of colonialism, Partition, migration, and settlement, are implicated in the community's negotiations of the meanings of being British, Bangladeshi, and Muslim. Mapping key shifts in the temporal and spatial locations of three generations of British Bangladeshis through a diasporic memory ecologies framework, the book analyses how multidirectional anti-colonial and anti-racist memories are gradually forgotten as young British Bangladeshis increasingly mobilise a pan-Islamic identity framework to resist racialisation and alienation. Importantly, through varied case studies, it locates how reanimating mnemonic linkages across these intergenerational ecologies through creative memory work can help understand and negotiate the present-day realities of the postcolonial migrant condition in the UK.
This book explores the theme of continuous wreaking of brutal persecution of a Hindu family on the one hand and the uncompromising efforts of Muslim friends and neighbours to protect this family on the other. It is set against the resultant and barbaric forces let loose after the propagation of the two nation theory, and the ultimate partition of India in 1947. Based on the soical biography of a Hindu family that stayed back in East Pakistan, it traces their journey, how they became 'other' in the country of their birth and faced persecution. This, being branded the other, led to part of the family migrating to Inida, away from their natal roots. The 1965 India-Pakistan war further brought prolonged separation and sufferings for these half-families living on both sides of the borders. Subjecting one to encounter helplessness, uncertainty and poverty in India, and the other to state sponsored apathy, coercion, arrests and physical tortures. The vicious atmosphere of violent communal aggression though did not stop their Muslim friends from protecting them. When the Muslim friend was killed by the religious fanatics in the newly liberated Bangladesh, the left behind member of the Hindu family realized that it was time to leave their motherland for India, where they died with the desire to go back to their motherland, buried along with them. Despite prolonged violence and tragic separation thereafter, numerous memories of the self-sacrificing efforts of the compatriots served as recollection in collective living in the Indian subcontinent.
This book focuses on the aftermath of the 1947 Partition of India. It considers the long aftermath and afterlives of Partition afresh, from a wide and inclusive range of perspectives and studies the specificities of the history of violence and migration and their memories in the Bengal region. The chapters in the volume range from the administrative consequences of partition to public policies on refugee settlement, life stories of refugees in camps and colonies, and literary and celluloid representations of Partition. It also probes questions of memory, identity, and the memorialization of events. Eclectic in its theoretical orientation and methodology, this book will be of interest to scholars and researchers of partition history, colonialism, refugee studies, Indian history, South Asian history, migration studies, and modern history in general.
Conceptualizing Mass Violence draws attention to the conspicuous inability to inhibit mass violence in myriads forms and considers the plausible reasons for doing so. Focusing on a postcolonial perspective, the volume seeks to popularize and institutionalize the study of mass violence in South Asia. The essays explore and deliberate upon the varied aspects of mass violence, namely revisionism, reconstruction, atrocities, trauma, memorialization and literature, the need for Holocaust education, and the criticality of dialogue and reconciliation. The language, content, and characteristics of mass violence/genocide explicitly reinforce its aggressive, transmuting, and multifaceted character and the consequent necessity to understand the same in a nuanced manner. The book is an attempt to do so as it takes episodes of mass violence for case study from all inhabited continents, from the twentieth century to the present. The volume studies ‘consciously enforced mass violence’ through an interdisciplinary approach and suggests that dialogue aimed at reconciliation is perhaps the singular agency via which a solution could be achieved from mass violence in the global context. The volume is essential reading for postgraduate students and scholars from the interdisciplinary fields of Holocaust and Genocide Studies, History, Political Science, Sociology, World History, Human Rights, and Global Studies.
In the past century, South Asia underwent fundamental cultural, social, and political changes as many countries progressed from colonial dominations through nationalist movements to independence. These transformations have been intricately bound up with the spatiality of social life in the region, drawing further attention to the significance of social spaces within transformative politics and identity formations. Gender, Place, and Identity of South Asian Women studies contemporary literature of South Asian women with a focus on gender, place, and identity. It contributes to the debate on gender identity and equality, spatial and social justice, women empowerment, marginalization, and anti-discrimination measures. Covering topics such as partition memory narrative, spatial mobility, and diasporic women’s lives, this book is an essential resource for students and educators of higher education, researchers, activists, government officials, business leaders, academicians, feminist organizations, sociologists, and researchers.
The book rereads the historiography of the Liberation War of Bangladesh in 1971 documented by Bangladeshi, Indian, and Western historians to trace the position of women who share a negligible place in the gendered war history. It analyses how contemporary novels of South Asia have dealt with the war and highlights women's issues like their subordination through blame, their agency in the war, and their victimization in the ethnic politics of their men. The book has also taken into account nonfictional works of contemporary women ethnographers and studies the lives of women who had engaged in the 1971 war not only as victims, but also as social workers, healthcare professionals, and fighters, and whose voice has been continuously suppressed in the post-war situation of Bangladesh. The book follows a postmodern approach to evaluate the ethnographic metanarratives in the forms of ethnographic fictions, oral history, interview, and memoirs in order to challenge women's neglected place in the historical grand narratives of the 1971 war.
"An extraordinary book. This dignified, just and unbearable account of the dark heart of Sri Lanka needs to be read by everyone." — Roma Tearne, author of Mosquito The tropical island of Sri Lanka is a paradise for tourists, but in 2009 it became a hell for its Tamil minority, as decades of civil war between the Tamil Tiger guerrillas and the government reached its bloody climax. Caught in the crossfire were hundreds of thousands of schoolchildren, doctors, farmers, fishermen, nuns, and other civilians. And the government ensured through a strict media blackout that the world was unaware of their suffering. Now, a UN enquiry has called for war crimes investigation, and Frances Harrison, a BBC correspondent for Sri Lanka during the conflict, recounts those crimes for the first time in sobering, shattering detail.