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Speech and Human-Machine Dialog focuses on the dialog management component of a spoken language dialog system. Spoken language dialog systems provide a natural interface between humans and computers. These systems are of special interest for interactive applications, and they integrate several technologies including speech recognition, natural language understanding, dialog management and speech synthesis. Due to the conjunction of several factors throughout the past few years, humans are significantly changing their behavior vis-à-vis machines. In particular, the use of speech technologies will become normal in the professional domain, and in everyday life. The performance of speech recognition components has also significantly improved. This book includes various examples that illustrate the different functionalities of the dialog model in a representative application for train travel information retrieval (train time tables, prices and ticket reservation). Speech and Human-Machine Dialog is designed for a professional audience, composed of researchers and practitioners in industry. This book is also suitable as a secondary text for graduate-level students in computer science and engineering.
Recent years have witnessed a surge of interest for service robots endowed with communicative abilities. Such robots could take care of routine tasks, in homes, offices, schools or hospitals, help disabled or mentally impaired persons, serve as social companions for the elderly, or simply entertain us. They would assist us in our daily life activities. These robots are, by definition, meant to be deployed in social environments, and their capacity to interact naturally with humans is thus a crucial factor. The development of such "talking robots" led to the emergence of a new research field, Human-Robot Interaction (HRI), which draws from a wide range of scientific disciplines such as artificial intelligence, robotics, linguistics and cognitive science. This work focuses on the issue of robust speech understanding - that is, how to process spoken dialogue automatically to extract the intended meaning. The book presents a new approach which combines linguistic resources with statistical techniques and context-sensitive interpretation to achieve both deep and robust spoken dialogue comprehension. The first part of the book provides a general introduction to the field of human-robot interaction and details the major linguistic properties of spoken dialogue, as well as some grammatical formalisms used to analyse them. The second part describes the approach itself, devoting one chapter to context-sensitive speech recognition for HRI, and one chapter to the robust parsing of spoken inputs via grammar relaxation and statistical parse selection. All the algorithms presented are fully implemented, and integrated as part of a distributed cognitive architecture for autonomous robots. A complete evaluation of our approach using Wizard-of-Oz experiments is also provided in this book. The results demonstrate very significant improvements in accuracy and robustness compared to the baseline.
Science fiction has long been populated with conversational computers and robots. Now, speech synthesis and recognition have matured to where a wide range of real-world applicationsâ€"from serving people with disabilities to boosting the nation's competitivenessâ€"are within our grasp. Voice Communication Between Humans and Machines takes the first interdisciplinary look at what we know about voice processing, where our technologies stand, and what the future may hold for this fascinating field. The volume integrates theoretical, technical, and practical views from world-class experts at leading research centers around the world, reporting on the scientific bases behind human-machine voice communication, the state of the art in computerization, and progress in user friendliness. It offers an up-to-date treatment of technological progress in key areas: speech synthesis, speech recognition, and natural language understanding. The book also explores the emergence of the voice processing industry and specific opportunities in telecommunications and other businesses, in military and government operations, and in assistance for the disabled. It outlines, as well, practical issues and research questions that must be resolved if machines are to become fellow problem-solvers along with humans. Voice Communication Between Humans and Machines provides a comprehensive understanding of the field of voice processing for engineers, researchers, and business executives, as well as speech and hearing specialists, advocates for people with disabilities, faculty and students, and interested individuals.
Speech and Human-Machine Dialog focuses on the dialog management component of a spoken language dialog system. Spoken language dialog systems provide a natural interface between humans and computers. These systems are of special interest for interactive applications, and they integrate several technologies including speech recognition, natural language understanding, dialog management and speech synthesis. Due to the conjunction of several factors throughout the past few years, humans are significantly changing their behavior vis-à-vis machines. In particular, the use of speech technologies will become normal in the professional domain, and in everyday life. The performance of speech recognition components has also significantly improved. This book includes various examples that illustrate the different functionalities of the dialog model in a representative application for train travel information retrieval (train time tables, prices and ticket reservation). Speech and Human-Machine Dialog is designed for a professional audience, composed of researchers and practitioners in industry. This book is also suitable as a secondary text for graduate-level students in computer science and engineering.
Considerable progress has been made in recent years in the development of dialogue systems that support robust and efficient human-machine interaction using spoken language. Spoken dialogue technology allows various interactive applications to be built and used for practical purposes, and research focuses on issues that aim to increase the system's communicative competence by including aspects of error correction, cooperation, multimodality, and adaptation in context. This book gives a comprehensive view of state-of-the-art techniques that are used to build spoken dialogue systems. It provides an overview of the basic issues such as system architectures, various dialogue management methods, system evaluation, and also surveys advanced topics concerning extensions of the basic model to more conversational setups. The goal of the book is to provide an introduction to the methods, problems, and solutions that are used in dialogue system development and evaluation. It presents dialogue modelling and system development issues relevant in both academic and industrial environments and also discusses requirements and challenges for advanced interaction management and future research. Table of Contents: Preface / Introduction to Spoken Dialogue Systems / Dialogue Management / Error Handling / Case Studies: Advanced Approaches to Dialogue Management / Advanced Issues / Methodologies and Practices of Evaluation / Future Directions / References / Author Biographies
Data driven methods have long been used in Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) and Text-To-Speech (TTS) synthesis and have more recently been introduced for dialogue management, spoken language understanding, and Natural Language Generation. Machine learning is now present “end-to-end” in Spoken Dialogue Systems (SDS). However, these techniques require data collection and annotation campaigns, which can be time-consuming and expensive, as well as dataset expansion by simulation. In this book, we provide an overview of the current state of the field and of recent advances, with a specific focus on adaptivity.
Man-machine communication is presently undergoing an important evolution which is influenced both by technological advances and by the progress made in various fields such as signal processing, pattern recognition and artificial intelligence. This book emphasizes relevant aspects of man-machine dialogue by voice (acoustic-phonetic decoding, multi-speaker aspects, dialogue architectures, etc.) and presents analogies with the related fields of computer vision and natural language processing. It also introduces the fundamentals of knowledge-based and expert systems which are widely used in this field. The book is the result of an interdisciplinary collaboration of international experts who worked together for an advanced course sponsored by the Commission of the European Communities and Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique. The course was held in Paris in May 1985.
Le dialogue entre un homme et une machine n’est pas encore similaire au dialogue naturel entre deux humains. Des techniques issues de plusieurs disciplines sont appliquées avec une habileté croissante, pour une fluidité et un réalisme en progrès. Analyse linguistique, résolution des références, identification des actes de dialogue, des intentions de l’utilisateur, décision de la réaction du système et du message à produire en retour : autant d’étapes de traitement caractérisées chacune par des théories propres et des ressources spécifiques. Cet ouvrage synthétise les principaux problèmes posés par chaque étape de conception d’un système de dialogue homme-machine tout en proposant plusieurs pistes pour suivre la voie d’un dialogue en langage naturel. Il se fonde sur les expériences de recherche et les développements récents, avec des préoccupations recoupant celles des domaines de l’intelligence artificielle, du traitement automatique des langues, des interfaces homme-machine, comme les interfaces multimodales ou multimédias.
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