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Britain and America were the first two countries with mechanised cotton manufacturing industries, the first major factory systems of production and the first major employers of women outside of the domestic environment. The combination of being new wage earners in the first trans-national industry and their public prominence as workers makes these women's role as employees significant; they set the early standard for women as waged labour, to which later female workers were compared. This book analyses how women workers influenced patterns of industrial organization and offers a new perspective on relationships between gender and work and on industrial development. The primary theme of the study is the attempt to control the work process through co-operation, coercion and conflict between women workers, their male counterparts and manufacturers. Drawing upon examples of women's subversive activities and attitudes toward the discourses of labour, the book emphasizes the variety of women's work experiences. By using this diversity of experience in a comparative way, the book reaches conclusions that challenge a variety of historical concepts, including separate spheres of influence for men and women and related economic theories, for example that women were passive players in the workplace, evolutionary theories with respect to industrial development, and business culture within and between the two industries. Overall it provides the fresh approach that highlights and explains women's agency as operatives and paid workers during industrialization.
Manufacturing Catastrophe tracks the history of industrialization, deindustrialization, and globalization in Massachusetts over the past two centuries. It a history of wrenching economic transformation as told from the perspective of everyday people: European peasants traveling the oceans in search of industrial work, runaway factory owners venturing out in search of cheaper labor abroad, and harried local policymakers trying to recover from repeated bouts of economic cataclysm. For those concerned about the future of American industry in the face of global competition, it provides critical lessons on how some of America's pioneering industrial cities have weathered the tempests of economic upheaval and industrial rebirth.
Providing for the first time a national, regional, and local picture of religion's role in working-class formation, this book challenges the now common notion that the republican ideal constituted the principal ideological impulse behind the development of the early American labor movement. Uncovering the pervasive presence of Christian institutions, ritual, and language in the first flowerings of labor protest, Jama Lazerow argues that religion promoted a withering critique of industrializing America yet at the same time retarded the formation of working-class consciousness. The book recreates the social and cultural world of workers in antebellum America with detailed studies of communities including Fall River, Fitchburg, and Boston, Massachusetts; Wilmington, Delaware; and Rochester, New York. Lazerow's exhaustive and unprecedented research - into local church records, tax lists, small-town historical society vaults, and private homes, as well as contemporary magazines, letters, diaries, and memoirs - has yielded a rich reinterpretation of working people and their churches.