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This book introduces recent developments in green propellants and green propulsion systems by various worldwide research groups. Various space agencies across the globe have accelerated the development of non-toxic green propellants, and the European Union is planning to phase out hydrazine (liquid) and ammonium perchlorate (solid) as propellants in the future, as it was identified as a substance of high concern by the REACh regulation.Although the process is still ongoing, it has triggered the development of attractive new propellants and technologies for the market, fostering research for non-toxic, high-performance alternative technologies. Several green propellants and green propulsion systems have been developed, tested, and even commercialized, such as ADN- or HAN-based propulsion, hydrogen peroxide propulsion, and water propulsion technology, where water is electrolyzed in orbit to O2 and H2, then combusted for the generation of thrust. This book describes proposed solutions to replace hydrazine, its derivatives and ammonium perchlorate with green propellants, discusses recent progress in environmentally friendly propellant systems and covers recent advancements on materials, catalysts and oxidizers for green solid rocket propellants. It aims to provide necessary technical information for space mission and propulsion systems' designers and researchers in this aerospace field.
The book is an amazing collection of technical papers dealing with hybrid rockets. Once perceived as a niche technology, for about a decade, hybrid rockets have enjoyed renewed interest from both the propulsion technical community and industry. Hybrid motors can be used in practically all applications where a rocket is employed, but there are certain cases where they present a superior fit, such as sounding rockets, tactical missile systems, launch boosters and the emerging field of commercial space transportation. The novel space tourism business, indeed, will benefit from their safety and lower recurrent development costs. The subjects addressed in the book include the cutting edge technology employed to push forward this relatively new propulsion concept, spanning systems to improve fuel regression rate, control of the mixture ratio to optimize performance, computational fluid dynamics applied to the simulation of the internal ballistics, and some other novel system applications.
This book features the recent technological advances made in the broad domain of aerospace engineering. Aerospace engineering covers a wide range of areas on which research is being done, including subsonic aerodynamics, high speed aerodynamics, unsteady aerodynamics, wind tunnel testing, computational fluid dynamics, and more. The authors also review recent technological advancements done in aerospace engineering and provide information about all the important domains and problems of interest in the field. The various important problem areas covered within the book include satellites, supersonic/hypersonic inlets, advanced composite structures, spiked bodies, delta wings, green propellant, satellite designing, satellite trajectory control, industry 4.0 in aerospace etc. In addition, the advancements done in the areas of introducing artificial intelligence in to the aerospace domain is also covered.
Aviation propulsion development continues to rely upon fossil fuels for the vast majority of commercial and military applications. Until these fuels are depleted or abandoned, burning them will continue to jeopardize air quality and provoke increased regulation. With those challenges in mind, research and development of more efficient and electric propulsion systems will expand. Fuel-cell technology is but one example that addresses such emission and resource challenges, and others, including negligible acoustic emissions and the potential to leverage current infrastructure models. For now, these technologies are consigned to smaller aircraft applications, but are expected to mature toward use in larger aircraft. Additionally, measures such as electric/conventional hybrid configurations will ultimately increase efficiencies and knowledge of electric systems while minimizing industrial costs. Requirements for greater flight time, stealth characteristics, and thrust-to-power ratios adds urgency to the development of efficient propulsion methods for applications such as UAVs, which looks to technologies such as asymmetrical capacitors to enhance electric propulsion efficiency. This book will take the reader through various technologies that will enable a more-electric aircraft future, as well as design methods and certification requirements of more-electric engines.
In the field of materials science, traditional materials often fall short in meeting the demands of contemporary industries, where multifunctionality, enhanced performance, and adaptability are pivotal. This unmet need highlights a compelling problem—a gap in materials that can truly revolutionize various sectors. As industries strive for advancements, a new challenge emerges: the scarcity of materials capable of performing multiple functions efficiently across domains. This predicament forms the backdrop against which Innovations and Applications of Hybrid Nanomaterials offers a comprehensive exploration of hybrid nanomaterials poised to bridge this critical gap. Innovations and Applications of Hybrid Nanomaterials addresses the urgent need for materials that transcend conventional boundaries, providing heightened performance, efficiency, and adaptability across diverse industries. The book dissects the design and development principles behind hybrid nanocomposites, unraveling the latest fabrication techniques and advanced characterization methods. Each chapter explores the profound impact of these materials in specific technological applications, ranging from electronics and energy to aerospace, biomedical engineering, and environmental sensing. Delve into a compendium of state-of-the-art methodologies enabling researchers to engineer materials with unparalleled precision, recognizing the transformative potential of multifunctional materials and unveiling their advantages, challenges, and future trajectories.
This comprehensive book presents a detailed account of research and recent developments in the field of green energetic materials, including pyrotechnics, explosives and propellants. This area is attracting increasing interest in the community as it undergoes a transition from using traditional processes, to more environmentally-friendly procedures. The book covers the entire line of research from the initial theoretical modelling and design of new materials, to the development of sustainable manufacturing processes. It also addresses materials that have already reached the production line, as well as considering future developments in this evolving field.
Discover the fascinating world of liquid fuel consumption in space exploration with Thirsty Rockets: The Liquid Lifeline of Space Travel. This comprehensive eBook delves deep into how spacecraft rely on liquid propellants like liquid oxygen and hydrogen to power their journeys. Explore how much fuel is required for rockets to break free from Earth's gravity, the types of liquid fuels used, and the role liquids play beyond propulsion in space missions. Perfect for space enthusiasts, science lovers, and anyone curious about the inner workings of rocket fuel systems and space travel technology.
This book presents recent work that analyzes general issues of green transportation. The contributed chapters consider environmental objectives in transportation, including topics such as battery swap stations for electric vehicles, efficient home healthcare routing, waste collection, and various vehicle routing problems. The content will be valuable for researchers and postgraduate students in computer science, operations research, and urban planning.
The book covers a wide range of applied research compactly presented in one volume, and shows innovative engineering solutions for automotive, marine and aviation industries, as well as power generation. While targeting primarily the audience of professional scientists and engineers, the book can also be useful for graduate students, and also for all those who are relatively new to the area and are looking for a single source with a good overview of the state-of-the-art as well as an up-to-date information on theories, numerical methods, and their application in design, simulation, testing, and manufacturing. The readers will find here a rich mixture of approaches, software tools and case studies used to investigate and optimize diverse powertrains, their functional units and separate machine parts based on different physical phenomena, their mathematical representation, solution algorithms, and experimental validation.