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Published: 2013-09
Total Pages: 34
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Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Pages: 33. Chapters: Indonesia-Malaysia confrontation, Sultanate of Sulu, Kingdom of Tondo, Brunei Revolt, Borneo Campaign order of battle, North Borneo Federation, Geoffrey Edmund Cator, Shannon Marketic, Postage stamps and postal history of Brunei, Bruneian Empire, Operation Python, United Nations Security Council Resolution 548, Ahmad. Excerpt: Indonesia-Malaysia confrontation during 1962-1966 was Indonesia's political and armed opposition to the creation of Malaysia. It is also known by its Indonesian/Malay name Konfrontasi. The creation of Malaysia was the amalgamation of the Federation of Malaya (now West Malaysia) with the crown colony/British protectorate of Sabah and Sarawak (collectively known as British Borneo, now East Malaysia) in September 1963. The confrontation was an undeclared war with most of the action in the border area between Indonesia and East Malaysia on the island of Borneo (known as Kalimantan in Indonesia). However, Sabah and Sarawak were ethnically, religiously and politically diverse and there was some local opposition to joining Malaysia that Indonesia attempted to exploit, with very little success. The terrain in Borneo was challenging and there were very few roads, both sides relied on light infantry operations and air transport, although rivers were also used. There was almost no use of offensive airpower. The British and Malaysian Armed Forces provided a significant element of the effort with no small parts being played by the other member nations (Australia and New Zealand) from the combined Far East Strategic Reserve stationed then in West Malaysia and Singapore. Initial Indonesian attacks into East Malaysia relied heavily on local volunteers trained by the Indonesian Army. The main military forces backing Malaysia were British and initially their activities were low key. However, the British...