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This publication considers how reallocation of public expenditure is affected by the following four institutions of the budget process: medium-term expenditure frameworks, rules of budgetary discipline, the role of the Minister of Finance, and programme review. It examines the changing nature of central government expenditure and the use of reallocation to finance new spending issues, such as security needs, pensions and health, in 12 OECD countries including the UK, the United States, Canada, France, Germany and Spain; and develops a micro-economic classification of public expenditures.
This OECD report examines how reallocation is impacted by four institutions of the budget process: medium-term expenditure frameworks, rules of budgetary discipline, the role of the Minister of Finance, programme review.
Chapter 1, "Step 1: The Change Process," focuses on the change process and describes why and how schools engage in program restructuring and resource allocation. Chapter 2, "Step 2: Defining a New Educational Strategy," discusses decisions that must be made about the regular education program and how the various schools adopted, adapted or created curriculum and instructional strategies. Chapter 3, "Step 3: Organizing and Staffing the School to Support the New Educational Strategy," shows how core educational strategy decisions determine the cost structure of schools. It addresses such issues as student grouping, class size, planning and preparation time, and professional development. Chapter 4, "Step 4: Deciding How to Serve Students Who Need Extra Help," describes the resource requirements of choices for serving special needs students, including expensive new strategies funded through resource allocation. Chapter 5, "Step 5: Paying for the Changes," reviews the resource allocation strategies to pay for expensive new educational programs by such staff categories as regular classroom teachers, regular education specialists, remedial specialists, pupil support specialists, instructional aides, and other staff. Chapter 6, "Step 6: Effects of Resource Reallocation and District Roles to Support Such Change," examines how reallocation and restructuring strategies at two schools helped increase student achievement. (Contains 87 references.) (TEJ)
Publisher Description
Wireless communications has witnessed a tremendous growth during the past decade and further spectacular enabling technology advances are expected in an effort to render ubiquitous wireless connectivity a reality. Currently, a technical in-depth book on this subject is unavailable, which has a similar detailed exposure of OFDM, MIMO-OFDM and MC-CDMA. A further attraction of the joint treatment of these topics is that it allows the reader to view their design trade-offs in a comparative context. Divided into three main parts: Part I provides a detailed exposure of OFDM designed for employment in various applications Part II is another design alternative applicable in the context of OFDM systems where the channel quality fluctuations observed are averaged out with the aid of frequency-domain spreading codes, which leads to the concept of MC-CDMA Part III discusses how to employ multiple antennas at the base station for the sake of supporting multiple users in the uplink By providing an all-encompassing self-contained treatment this volume will appeal to a wide readership, as it is both an easy-reading textbook and a high-level research monograph.
Prioritizing Academic Programs and Services REVISED AND UPDATED Increasing economic concerns make the new edition of this best-selling classic an invaluable resource for those who want and need to implement a proven step-by-step approach to reallocating resources in tough times. Thoroughly revised and updated, Prioritizing Academic Programs and Services includes new recommendations from the field, communication strategies for more successful campus implementation, a new section on the sources of hidden costs, and a Prioritization Process and Implementation workbook designed to help administrators avoid costly mistakes. This book includes access to additional content online, including models for prioritization from a variety of campuses. Based on the author's extensive consulting experience, this necessary and timely resource offers the best advice for addressing the current economic concerns affecting most colleges and universities. Praise for Prioritizing Academic Programs and Services "For more than a decade, higher education leaders have turned to Dickeson's practical guide to academic program assessment. These newly expanded approaches are just in time for today's competitive environment." SUZANNE SHIPLEY, president, Shepherd University "Dickeson provides a compelling rationale for program prioritization as well as a practical planning structure that promotes alignment between programs, resources, and university mission. Presidents and provosts can use his approach to frame campus discussions around the future of the institution and away from legacy programs whose time has passed." KYLE R. CARTER, provost and senior vice chancellor, Western Carolina University "Dickeson's approach ensures that critical decisions regarding academic programs and resource allocation are aligned with strategic goals and institutional mission. As one of the early adopters of the process that he proposes, I am convinced that it is a powerful and practical tool for any college or university committed to remaining focused, resilient, vital, and relevant in a dynamic and increasingly challenging environment." DAVID MAXWELL, president, Drake University