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This series traces the stories behind significant scientific discoveries and introduces the people behind those discoveries.
Examines the life of Marie Curie as she and other scientists began to unravel the secrets of the atom. Explains the importance of the Periodic Table of Elements and identifies scientists who have made contributions to the study of radioactivity. Includes brief biographies of Dimitry Mendeleyev, Wilhelm Roentgen, Henri Becquerel, Marie Curie, and Pierre Curie.
Today radioactivity is widely used to treat cancer, to study fossils, and to power submarines, but until the late 1800s man's understanding of this scientific field was practically non-existent. Indeed, the discovery of spontaneous radioactivity was largely accidental--the by-product of research by the French scientist Henri Becquerel. Atomic Universe traces the path to the discovery of radioactivity and places this major scientific breakthrough in the context of history. This intriguing book profiles the key scientific players and features inspirational accounts of their childhoods and their development as scientists. Young readers learn about the lives and work of groundbreaking scientists such as Marie and Pierre Curie and trace the beginnings of the atomic age. Readers embark on a dramatic quest of discovery and peer ahead to see what the future holds for the science of radioactivity in the nuclear age. National Geographic supports K-12 educators with ELA Common Core Resources. Visit www.natgeoed.org/commoncore for more information.
Beginning with an obscure discovery in 1896, radioactivity led researchers on a quest for understanding that ultimately confronted the intersection of knowledge and mystery. This book tells the story of a new science that profoundly changed physics and chemistry, as well as areas such as medicine, geology, meteorology, archaeology, industry, politics, and popular culture.
The fascinating, little-known story of how two brilliant female physicists’ groundbreaking discoveries led to the creation of the atomic bomb. In 1934, Irène Curie, working with her husband and fellow scientist, Frederic Joliot, made a discovery that would change the world: artificial radioactivity. This breakthrough allowed scientists to modify elements and create new ones by altering the structure of atoms. Curie shared a Nobel Prize with her husband for their work. But when she was nominated to the French Academy of Sciences, the academy denied her admission and voted to disqualify all women from membership. Four years later, Curie’s breakthrough led physicist Lise Meitner to a brilliant leap of understanding that unlocked the secret of nuclear fission. Meitner’s unique insight was critical to the revolution in science that led to nuclear energy and the race to build the atom bomb, yet her achievement was left unrecognized by the Nobel committee in favor of that of her male colleague. Radioactive! presents the story of two women breaking ground in a male-dominated field, scientists still largely unknown despite their crucial contributions to cutting-edge research, in a nonfiction narrative that reads with the suspense of a thriller. Photographs and sidebars illuminate and clarify the science in the book.
The pioneering scientist’s doctoral thesis on radioactivity that won her the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics. In 1896, Antoine Henri Becquerel discovered the first evidence of radioactivity. Inspired by the physicist’s work, Marie Curie began investigating this phenomenon further with the help of her husband, Pierre. For four years, the couple researched various minerals and substances for radioactivity, a term she coined. In Radioactive Substances,Curie outlines with great detail her painstaking research and discoveries, which include the elements radium and polonium. Due to their breakthroughs, Marie and Pierre were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903, the first of two for Marie.
Marie Sklodowska Curie was a Polish and naturalized-French scientist who remains today one of the most extraordinary figures in modern physics and chemistry. She was the first person to win two Nobel Prizes (in Physics and in Chemistry) and the first woman scientist to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics. After being denied a position at the University of Kraków, due to the common sexism in the academia of the time, she returned to Paris to work together with Pierre Curie. At the end of the 19th century, Henri Becquerel had discovered the new phenomenon of radio-activity (a term later coined by Marie Sklodowska Curie) in uranium salts. Sklodowska Curie built upon this study and made two fundamental discoveries in the field. First, she discovered that radio-activity is a property of certain elements (like uranium and thorium) of the periodic table, and it is not due to the chemical properties of compounds. Second, she discovered two new radio-active elements, polonium and radium. This book presents her address at Vassar College from 1921 and her Ph.D. thesis, defended in 1903 at the Faculty of Science of the Université de la Sorbonne in Paris. Her thesis, described by the examining committee as the best contribution to science ever presented, made Marie Sklodowska Curie the first woman to obtain a doctoral degree in the history of France. Newly translated from the French second edition, it represents a true masterpiece of science and describes in detail her efforts to understand the origin of radioactivity. To appreciate the beauty of her work one has to keep in mind that, at the time, the structure of the atom was largely unknown (the first attempt was made by J.J. Thomson in 1904). Due to high exposure to radiation, she died from aplastic anemia at the age of 66.
Pierre and Marie Curie made a terrific scientific team. They coined the term "radioactivity" and discovered two new radioactive elements: radium and polonium. Through engaging yet accessible text, readers will follow them as they grow up in loving families dedicated to education, develop into budding scientists, get married, and launch their lab. Students will learn about the Curies' hardships and triumphs and explore how scientific discovery builds upon itself and other scientists into the future. Detailed diagrams and informative sidebars help simplify the details of important scientific concepts, such as piezoelectricity, radioactivity, and Becquerel rays.
Marie and Pierre Curie were essential figures in furthering the study of radioactivity. The pair discovered two new elements, which they named polonium and radium, leading to huge breakthroughs in the process of using X-rays. This book provides biographical information about the Curies' life before and during their studies. Full-color and historical photographs help readers learn the STEM concepts associated with radioactivity, and the ways in which it has been used throughout history.