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Ballistic Missile and Space Technology, Volume IV: Re-Entry and Vehicle Design focuses on the advancements of processes, methodologies, and technologies involved in re-entry and vehicle design, including hypersonics, material structures, propulsion, and communications. The selection first offers information on the pyrolysis of plastics in a high vacuum arc image furnace and aerothermodynamic feasibility of graphite for hypersonic glide vehicles. Discussions focus on aerothermochemical behavior of graphite, transient heat conduction, equilibrium glide trajectory, and apparatus and pyrolysis procedure. The text then takes a look at an engineering analysis of the weights of ablating systems for manned reentry vehicles and trajectories of lifting bodies entering planetary atmospheres at shallow angles. The manuscript ponders on propulsive control of atmospheric entry lifting trajectories, re-entry engineering mechanics, and rocket casing behavior predicted by laboratory tests. Topics include description of testing program, full-scale casing results, camera design, theoretical correlation, approximate thrust vector optimization, and propellant weight estimation. The selection is a dependable reference for astronauts and researchers interested in re-entry and vehicle design.
Based on a long engineering experience, this book offers a comprehensive and state-of-the-art analysis of aerodynamic and flight mechanic entry topics. This updated edition had new chapters on Re-entry on Mars mission, flight quality, rarefied aerodynamics and re-entry accuracy. In addition, it provides a large set of application exercises and solutions.
In this book selected aerothermodynamic design problems in hypersonic vehicles are treated. Where applicable, it emphasizes the fact that outer surfaces of hypersonic vehicles primarily are radiation-cooled, an interdisciplinary topic with many implications.
History shows that demands of wartime military and political leaders have often motivated development of new and advanced technologies. The German desire to attack American cities with long-range variants of V-2 missiles during the latter years of World War II stimulated development of maneuvering reentry vehicle concepts. In the mid-1960s, these concepts were secretly refined and tested by the United States to provide accurate delivery of strategic nuclear warheads at intercontinental ranges and to assure their penetration of newly developed Soviet anti-ballistic missile defenses. First Maneuvering Reentry Vehicles, by William C. Yengst, describes the initial feasibility programs to test three alternative designs for implementing hypersonic maneuvers and accurate guidance of long-range reentry vehicles. It identifies the political and military motivations, environmental challenges, design difficulties, innovative technology solutions, test failures, and spectacular successes. It also summarizes development of operational maneuvering reentry vehicles prepared for U.S. Air Force, Navy, and Army long-range missile systems during the 1980s. The technology has been adopted and further refined by foreign nations (India, China and Russia) in building their latest missile systems. Therefore, it is important to understand the capabilities and performance characteristics of future potential threats. Written as a first-hand account of the technology's evolution, the book honors the dedicated engineers and scientists who worked to make these programs a success.
The key to opening the use of space to private enterprise and to broader public uses lies in reducing the cost of the transportation to space. More routine, affordable access to space will entail aircraft-like quick turnaround and reliable operations. Currently, the space Shuttle is the only reusable launch vehicle, and even parts of it are expendable while other parts require frequent and extensive refurbishment. NASA's highest priority new activity, the Reusable Launch Vehicle program, is directed toward developing technologies to enable a new generation of space launchers, perhaps but not necessarily with single stage to orbit capability. This book assesses whether the technology development, test and analysis programs in propulsion and materials-related technologies are properly constituted to provide the information required to support a December 1996 decision to build the X-33, a technology demonstrator vehicle; and suggest, as appropriate, necessary changes in these programs to ensure that they will support vehicle feasibility goals.
In the aviation field there is great interest in high-speed vehicle design. Hypersonic vehicles represent the next frontier of passenger transportation to and from space. However, several design issues must be addressed, including vehicle aerodynamics and aerothermodynamics, aeroshape design optimization, aerodynamic heating, boundary layer transition, and so on. This book contains valuable contributions focusing on hypervelocity aircraft design. Topics covered include hypersonic aircraft aerodynamic and aerothermodynamic design, especially aeroshape design optimization, computational fluid dynamics, and scramjet propulsion. The book also discusses high-speed flow issues and the challenges to achieving the dream of affordable hypersonic travel. It is hoped that the information contained herein will allow for the development of safe and efficient hypersonic vehicles.
The last two decades have brought two important developments for aeroth- modynamics. One is that airbreathing hypersonic flight became the topic of technology programmes and extended system studies. The other is the emergence and maturing of the discrete numerical methods of aerodyn- ics/aerothermodynamics complementary to the ground-simulation facilities, with the parallel enormous growth of computer power. Airbreathing hypersonic flight vehicles are, in contrast to aeroassisted re-entry vehicles, drag sensitive. They have, further, highly integrated lift and propulsion systems. This means that viscous eflFects, like boundary-layer development, laminar-turbulent transition, to a certain degree also strong interaction phenomena, are much more important for such vehicles than for re-entry vehicles. This holds also for the thermal state of the surface and thermal surface effects, concerning viscous and thermo-chemical phenomena (more important for re-entry vehicles) at and near the wall. The discrete numerical methods of aerodynamics/aerothermodynamics permit now - what was twenty years ago not imaginable - the simulation of high speed flows past real flight vehicle configurations with thermo-chemical and viscous effects, the description of the latter being still handicapped by in sufficient flow-physics models. The benefits of numerical simulation for flight vehicle design are enormous: much improved aerodynamic shape definition and optimization, provision of accurate and reliable aerodynamic data, and highly accurate determination of thermal and mechanical loads. Truly mul- disciplinary design and optimization methods regarding the layout of thermal protection systems, all kinds of aero-servoelasticity problems of the airframe, et cetera, begin now to emerge.