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Provides basic guidance on working conditions and procedures that should lead to higher standards of safety for personnel using radio frequency heaters and sealers. Topics include: radiofrequency and electromagnetic radiation, sources, exposure and energy absorption; RF biological effects; occupational RF exposure standards and guidelines; exposure assessment; control technology; work practices and administrative controls; design and installation considerations; and medical surveillance.
The leading professional guide to RF and microwave safety issues. A practical handbook for all involved in electronic design and safety assessment, RF and Microwave Radiation Safety covers the problems of RF safety management, including the use of measuring instruments and methods, radiation hazards and risks resulting from electromagnetic interference, as well as reviewing current safety standards and the implications for RF design. The second edition takes into account a wide range of technical and legislative changes, and has been revised in line with the latest EU and international standards. Issues raised by increasing levels of microwave pollution from mobile phones and other sources are also confronted. New material covers: - International Radiological Protection Commission (IRPC): new recommendations published in 1998 - European Broadcasting Union (EBU)'s new guide - EU Physical Agents Directive and Machines Directive (both of which cover radio transmitters) - UK National Radiological Protection Board (UKNRPB) new guidance on safety levels - Covers radiation hazards and risks resulting from electromagnetic interference - Leading professional guide to RF and microwave safety issues - Revised in line with the latest the EU and international standards
The Radio Frequency Test Facility (RFTF) is a part of the Magnetic Fusion Program's rf Heating Experiments. The goal of the Magnetic Fusion Program (MFP) is to develop and demonstrate the practical application of fusion. RFTF is an experimental device which will provide an essential link in the research effort aiming at the realization of fusion power. This report was compiled as a summary of the analysis done to ensure the safe operation of RFTF.
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has been involved in a multi-year project to support the development of performance metrics and test methods for radio-frequency (RF)-based electronic safety equipment used by the public safety community. The work reported here focuses on side-by-side measurements of radio-propagation environment characteristics and actual wireless-device performance in representative emergency responder environments.
This general introduction to the sources and nature of RF and Microwave radiation covers the problems of RF safety management, including the use of measuring instruments and methods. Radio frequency radiation can be dangerous in a number of ways. Hazards include electromagnetic compatibility and interference, electro-explosive vapours and devices, and direct effects on the human body. The book is designed for people responsible for, or concerned with, safety. This target audience will primarily be radio engineers, but include those skilled in other disciplines including medicine, chemistry or mechanical engineering. The book covers the problems of RF safety management, including the use of measuring instruments and methods, and a review of current safety standards. The implications for RF design engineers are also examined.
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) has sponsored research and personnel safety standards development for exposure to Radiofrequency Radiation (RFR) for over twenty years. The Aerospace Medical Panel of the Advisory Group For Aerospace Research and Development (AGARD) sponsored Lecture Series No. 78 Radiation Hazards,! in 1975, in the Netherlands, Germany, and Norway, on the subject of Radiation Hazards to provide a review and critical analysis of the available information and concepts. In the same year, Research Study Group 2 on Protection of Personnel Against Non-Ionizing Electromagnetic Radiation (Panel VIIl of AC/243 Defence Research Group, NATO) proposed a revision to Standardization Agreement (STANAG) 2345. The intent of the proposal was to revise the ST ANAG to incorporate frequency-dependent-RFR safety guidelines. These changes are documented in the NATO STANAG 2345 (MED), Control and Recording of Personnel Exposure to Radiofrequency Radiation,2 promulgated in 1979. Research Study Group 2 (RSG2) of NATO Defense Research Group Panel VIII (AC1243) was organized, in 1981, to study and contribute technical information concerning the protection of military personnel from the effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation. A workshop at the Royal Air Force Institute of Aviation Medicine, Royal Aircraft Establishment, Farnborough, U. K. was held to develop and/or compile sufficient knowledge on the long-term effects of pulsed RFR to maintain safe procedures and to minimize unnecessary operational constraints.
Excerpt from Analysis of Radio-Propagation Environments to Support Standards Development for Rf-Based Electronic Safety Equipment The National Institute of Standards and Technology (nist) has been involved in a multi-year project to support the development of performance metrics and test methods for radio-frequency (rf) - based electronic safety equipment used by the public safety community. The work reported here focuses on side-by - side measurements of radio-propagation environment characteristics and actual wireless-device performance in representative emergency responder environments. Identifying the radio-channel characteristics that significantly impair wireless-device performance in various environments enables the development of standardized Iaboratory-based test methods that simulate the conditions under which electronic safety equipment will be used in the field. The test methods can then be incorporated into consensus standards for this equipment. The analysis presented here has been funded by the u.s. Department of Homeland Security's Standards Branch. The work reported here has focused on RF based personal alert safety systems (pass), used by firefighters to indicate when a firefighter is motionless or in distress. However, the methodology and analysis presented here could easily be extended to apply to other types of wireless devices that operate in a point - to - point mode. In the propagation-channel studies, nist engineers measured path loss (attenuation) and the level of reflectivity (or multipath, here quantified by the root mean-square delay spread) in large public structures and environments where radio communications could be difficult. These environments include multi-story buildings; buildings with subterranean floors and tunnels; buildings with deep interior spaces; those with few windows; and outdoor urban canyons, consisting of city streets surrounded by tall buildings. The nist public-safety Communications Research Lab has funded the measurements of the propagation channel. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.