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This book presents the analytical uses of radioactive isotopes within the context of radiochemistry as a whole. It is designed for scientists with relatively little background knowledge of the subject. Thus the initial emphasis is on developing the basic concepts of radioactive decay, particularly as they affect the potential usage of radioisotopes.
Nuclear Techniques in Analytical Chemistry discusses highly sensitive nuclear techniques that determine the micro- and macro-amounts or trace elements of materials. With the increasingly frequent demand for the chemical determination of trace amounts of elements in materials, the analytical chemist had to search for more sensitive methods of analysis. This book accustoms analytical chemists with nuclear techniques that possess the desired sensitivity and applicability at trace levels. The topics covered include safe handling of radioactivity; measurement of natural radioactivity; and neutron activation analysis. The positive ion and gamma ray activation analysis; isotope dilution and tracer investigations of analytical techniques; and geo- and cosmochronology and miscellaneous nuclear techniques are also elaborated in this text. This publication is intended for analytical chemists, but is also valuable to students intending to acquire knowledge on nuclear techniques and analytical methods in chemistry.
This work is a comprehensive and much-needed tool for the teaching and practice of radioanalytical chemistry. It encompasses a concise theoretical background, laboratory work, and data interpretation. It also contains chapters on the most current and visible applications of radioanalytical techniques. Its emphasis on the practical aspects on laboratory setup and operation make it a valuable tool for training professionals and students alike.
This is the fifth summary of progress of the Radiochemical Analysis Section of the Analytical Chemistry Division at the National Bureau of Standards. The sections' effort comprises four major areas: Mossbauer spectrometry, nuclear chemistry, nuclear instrumentation and the application of statistics in nuclear and analytical chemistry. Studies in nuclear reactions have centered around measurement by time of flight mass spectrometry of helium-4. Statistical methods have been applied to the measurement of peaks in radiation spectra, to reporting trace amounts of radioactivity, to the calibration of Standard Reference materials, and to the reporting of detection limits of a system of measurement. A procedure for cooling a moving absorber with a stationary source for Mossbauer spectrometry is described. Theoretical interpretations of Mossbauer spectra of nickel compounds are given. Several applications of Mossbauer spectrometry, such as surface corrosion studies are described. Preliminary data are given on the charge states of 119mSn after nuclear recoil. An overflow counter for collecting more counts than the memory capacity of a pulse height analyzer is described.
This Manual accompanies the Textbook, teaching radioanalytical chemistry to seniors and graduate students. The manual can be used in conjunction with the textbook to teach a 3-hour lecture course and a 6-hour laboratory. The experiments address a range of practical aspects in the radiochemistry laboratory: use of laboratory and radiation detection equipment, performing specific analyses for radio-iodine, radio-strontium, uranium, and plutonium.
Anthropogenic radionuclides have been introduced into the environment by incidents such as nuclear weapon tests, accidents in nuclear power plants, transport accidents and accidental or authorised discharges from nuclear facilities. Scientists need accurate analysis of these radionuclides in order to estimate the risk to the public from released radioactivity. This book is a snapshot of the work of leading scientists from across the globe on environmental radiochemistry and radioecology, nuclear forensics and radiation detection, radioanalytical techniques and nuclear industry applications. The research contributions were first presented at the 13th International Symposium on Nuclear and Environmental Radiochemical Analysis in September 2018. This essential work provides a key reference for graduates and professionals who work across fields involving analytical chemistry, radiochemistry, environmental science and technology, and waste disposal.
The aim of this book is to give an account of the principal radiochemical methods used in chemical analysis. It is assumed that the reader already has some background knowledge of radioactivity, available from several general textbooks. For this reason some subjects, e. g. the fundamentals of radio activity, the properties of radiation, statistics of counting procedures, the precautions needed in working with radioactive materials, which could have occupied half the text, are not considered in detail. The different aspects of radiochemical analysis have been covered by specialized books and reviews, e. g. on activation analysis, gamma spectrometry, radiometric titrations. A good deal of information is in the form of reports of meetings and symposia and liquid scintillation counting, for instance, has been mainly covered in this way. There are also a large number of journals. It is therefore hoped that this book will help fill the gap between the introductory texts and the specialized sources, many of which are referred to in the chapter references. The ftrst three chapters in the present volume deal with the methods of measurement of radioactive nuclides. Chapter I gives a general account of detection and measurement techniques. The next two chapters are devoted to two specialized techniques: gamma-ray spectrometry and liquid scintilla tion counting.