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This important book discusses the need for gamma irradiation in the processing of tissue allografts. With particular emphasis on tissue banking in the Asia-Pacific region, it covers a wide range of issues in tissue banking, including the basic science of radiation, quality control of the irradiation process, and clinical applications of irradiated bone grafts and amnions.A compulsory textbook for the well-regarded Singapore-based IAEA/NUS Diploma Course in Tissue Banking, it is also a useful guide for tissue bankers in establishing quality systems in their banks. Whether they be tissue banking students, tissue graft producers, radiation scientists, or transplantation surgeons, readers of this book will discover the latest developments in this exciting interdisciplinary field.
This important book discusses the need for gamma irradiation in the processing of tissue allografts. With particular emphasis on tissue banking in the Asia-Pacific region, it covers a wide range of issues in tissue banking, including the basic science of radiation, quality control of the irradiation process, and clinical applications of irradiated bone grafts and amnions. A compulsory textbook for the well-regarded Singapore-based IAEA/NUS Diploma Course in Tissue Banking, it is also a useful guide for tissue bankers in establishing quality systems in their banks. Whether they be tissue banking students, tissue graft producers, radiation scientists, or transplantation surgeons, readers of this book will discover the latest developments in this exciting interdisciplinary field.
This book is written as a comprehensive guide for all tissue bank operators to procure and process bone and soft tissue allografts of highest quality standards for safe tissue transplantation practice in patients who require musculoskeletal tissue allograft transplantation. This comprehensive guide includes donor selection criteria, aseptic procurement techniques, laboratory testing and processing of grafts by deep freezing or freeze drying. It also includes sterilization of tissue grafts using gamma irradiation. Quality controls of tissue grafts are discussed in depth. The clinical transplantation of bone and soft tissue allografts is also discussed, with special consideration given to potential complications. Principles of sterile technique in the operating theater are described. The book also incorporates the basic sciences of tissue banking including anatomy, biomechanics, microbiology and immunology. It also covers radiation science so that the reader can better understand radiation sterilization of tissue grafts. Included in the book is a guide for public awareness programmes, radiation code of practice and general standards for tissue banking as recommended by the International Atomic Energy Agency.
The banking of human tissues for clinical transplantation has grown exponentially in the past 10-15 years. Tissue banks have been set up throughout the world, initially on an ad hoc basis. More recently these have grown and in many countries have linked up with larger international companies. While standards for the procurement, processing and storage of the tissues have kept pace with the growth of the subject, this is not so with the legal considerations associated with the practice. There is no unified legal system which is internationally operated. Europe, USA, Asia, Latin America, China have been developing legal systems on an individual basis.This book describes the present state of the development of laws to control and make the banking and use of tissues legal and safe. It describes, for the first time, the current systems which are used throughout the world and points the way to setting up a harmonized global legal system.
Human Radiation Injury is a concise but thorough presentation of known toxicities of radiation exposure in humans. This unique text is the only single reference available that studies the risks to humans from medical, environmental, and accidental or terrorist-related exposure to radiation. The chapters cover modern understanding of the molecular and cellular events involved in radiation injury, the known dose-effect relationships for human organ systems, and a full discussion of normal tissue toxicity related to therapeutic radiation. Recommended guidelines are outlined and the best available treatments following injury are also detailed. A companion website offers the fully searchable text and an image bank.
This is the most comprehensive volume dealing with tissue banking presently available, with 27 contributions from the most distinguished and experienced practitioners in the field: surgeons, microbiologists and tissue bankers. Safety of allografts is now a major concern due to possible microbial and viral contamination of tissues, even in the most sophisticated centres. Thus, publication here of the International Atomic Energy Agency''s Code of Practice for the Radiation Sterilisation of Tissues is important, as is their guidance on Standards and Public Awareness regarding this often misunderstood technology. The volume spans all the methodologies used in the field and covers a spectrum of tissues: bone, skin, cardiovascular grafts, corneal grafts and sperm banking. Of particular interest in these days of gigantic disasters is the evaluation of the value of an effective tissue bank during the Volendam burns disaster in the Netherlands and the horrific disaster in OC Messa RedondaOCO Peru. Orthopaedics, as usual, has the premier usage of tissues and this volume is graced by a landmark contribution from that doyen of massive allograft surgery, Henry Mankin. Balancing out the US experience is a contribution from Russia, which outlines new approaches to using allograft and autograft bone. The motivation for such a comprehensive volume came at the congress held in Boston, which drew together all the international associations of tissue banking: American, Asia-Pacific, Latin American and European. The whole world has been harnessed to construct this outstanding and historic volume. Sample Chapter(s). Chapter 1: The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Programme in Radiation and Tissue Banking: Past and Present (93 KB). Contents: The Contribution of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) to Tissue Banking; Safety of Tissue Allografts; Ethical and Social Aspects of Tissue Banking; Tissue Grafts in Orthopaedics; Caradiovascular Grafts; Cornea Grafts; Sperm Banking; Cryopreservation. Readership: Tissue bank operators, orthopaedic surgeons, radiation biologists and government agency policy-makers."
Advances in Tissue Banking is the first authoritative publication to encompass this interdisciplinary field, which is now providing hundreds of thousands of tissue grafts for transplant surgery every year worldwide (400,000 grafts in the USA alone annually). There is no text book which can be consulted about the subject, since the field has moved so rapidly over the past few years. The scientific and medical publications are scattered throughout specialised literature and are not readily accessible to all the diverse practitioners.This book, volume 1 of the new series, is written by experts on the subject. It is designed to fill the gap and provide a vehicle of communication for those participating in various aspects of the subject. Regulators are still in the process of coming to grips with the requirements to ensure safety and find a suitable definition within the legislative system for a “transplant tissue”. The various transplant donation systems in various countries differ. Allografts are used extensively in orthopaedic surgery, burns and wound healing. Heart valve banking has now established itself. Central to the subject is the prevention of the transmission of infection, with great emphasis being placed on the screening of donors, preservation and sterilisation of the tissues using the best and safest procedures.Nobody connected with regulating, producing, or using tissues can afford to be without the concentrated information so readily provided in this book, which is not available elsewhere. It will also be of great value to scientists and doctors who wish to learn about the subject and to introduce it into general scientific and medical education.
This is the most comprehensive volume dealing with tissue banking presently available, with 27 contributions from the most distinguished and experienced practitioners in the field: surgeons, microbiologists and tissue bankers.Safety of allografts is now a major concern due to possible microbial and viral contamination of tissues, even in the most sophisticated centres. Thus, publication here of the International Atomic Energy Agency's Code of Practice for the Radiation Sterilisation of Tissues is important, as is their guidance on Standards and Public Awareness regarding this often misunderstood technology.The volume spans all the methodologies used in the field and covers a spectrum of tissues: bone, skin, cardiovascular grafts, corneal grafts and sperm banking. Of particular interest in these days of gigantic disasters is the evaluation of the value of an effective tissue bank during the Volendam burns disaster in the Netherlands and the horrific disaster in “Messa Redonda” Peru.Orthopaedics, as usual, has the premier usage of tissues and this volume is graced by a landmark contribution from that doyen of massive allograft surgery, Henry Mankin. Balancing out the US experience is a contribution from Russia, which outlines new approaches to using allograft and autograft bone.The motivation for such a comprehensive volume came at the congress held in Boston, which drew together all the international associations of tissue banking: American, Asia-Pacific, Latin American and European. The whole world has been harnessed to construct this outstanding and historic volume.
It has been 10 years since the first edition of ‘Essentials of Tissue Banking’ has been published. There is still relatively little published on the technical and scientific principles on routine tissue and cell banking based on scientific principles. The 1st edition was very successful and, after a 10 year gap, there is a need of an update and an expansion of the book’s remit. The format of the book follows that of the previous edition- split into 5 sections. Management of donors and the banking of common tissues and cells; Principles of storage and processing of tissues and cells; Ensuring the safety of the products by testing the donor, the tissues and the environment, supported by a quality system and an IT infrastructure- all working within the constraints of current regulatory and ethical environments. This edition however provides a significant update. Many the chapters have been completely rewritten by different experts. Like the 1st edition, they were given a free hand in the way they wrote their chapter, with a guideline that they had to be concise, clear and up to date. The authors were also asked to provide the scientific and technical basis that provides the rationale of the processes they describe. Also, the scope of the book has been somewhat extended. In view of the fact that many cellular therapies are now routinely practiced, 2 new chapters have been added: one on the banking of haematopoietic stem cells and one on human embryonic stem cells. They have been deliberately chosen to illustrate the extreme spectrum of cellular therapies from one of the simplest to one of the most complex. The intention of the book has remained the same: to cover and update banking of current practices in essential tissue and cell banking. It is therefore hoped that by keeping the book as concise and up to date as possible, it will find a place on the shelves of many tissue establishments.
In the United States there are several thousand devices containing high-activity radiation sources licensed for use in areas ranging from medical uses such as cancer therapy to safety uses such as testing of structures and industrial equipment. Those radiation sources are licensed by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission and state agencies. Concerns have been raised about the safety and security of the radiation sources, particularly amid fears that they could be used to create dirty bombs, or radiological dispersal device (RDD). In response to a request from Congress, the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission asked the National Research Council to conduct a study to review the uses of high-risk radiation sources and the feasibility of replacing them with lower risk alternatives. The study concludes that the U.S. government should consider factors such as potential economic consequences of misuse of the radiation sources into its assessments of risk. Although the committee found that replacements of most sources are possible, it is not economically feasible in some cases. The committee recommends that the U.S. government take steps to in the near term to replace radioactive cesium chloride radiation sources, a potential "dirty bomb" ingredient used in some medical and research equipment, with lower-risk alternatives. The committee further recommends that longer term efforts be undertaken to replace other sources. The book presents a number of options for making those replacements.