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Radar, Sonar, and Holography: An Introduction provides an introduction to the technology of radar and sonar. Because the new science of holography is affecting both these fields quite strongly, the book includes an explanation of the fundamental principles underlying this new art (including the subjects of wave coherence, interference, and diffraction) and of the hologram process itself. Finally, numerous examples are discussed which show how holography is providing new horizons to radar and sonar systems. The book thus also provides a simple approach to the new technology of holography. The discussions clarify the basic difference that exist between photography and holography, on the one hand, and between standard sonar and radar, on the other; and the hologram versions of these two technologies. The book should be useful as a supplementary reading assignment to early college students in science and engineering, and also to senior high students having a bent for science and engineering.
Increasing information content is an important scientific problem in modern observation systems development. Radar, or microwave, imaging can be used for this purpose. The book provides an overview of the field and explains why a unified approach based on wave field processing techniques, including holographic and tomographic approaches, is necessary in high resolution radar design. It contains discussion of new areas in imaging radar theory, holographic radar, the questions of estimation and improving radar image quality, and finally various practical applications.
This book is intended for upperclass college students as an introduction to the growing field of coherent optics and to the increasing number of its applications, and also for those versed in other fields who wish to gain per spective and insight without detailed calculations. It is an outgrowth of the author's Science Study Series book Lasers and HolographY. * Besides being an updated and expanded version of that book, it includes discussions of numerous recent applications. It differs in its slightly higher analytical level and in the inclusion oflarge numbers of references, which enable the reader to obtain further information on subjects of interest to him. The level was selected to match the capabilities of students in their middle college years so as to permit them to make an early assessment of possible career interests in any of the many interdisciplinary fields now embracing the technologies of modern optics. It is hoped that the book can be used (as has occurred rather extensively with another of the author's Science Study Series books, Sound Waves and Light Wavest) as an auxiliary reading assignment for students in various disciplines. The author strongly believes that the promise of continued growth in this field, as evidenced by the extensive participation in technology develop ments by industry, both within the U. S. and abroad, identifies the subject as * Doubleday, 1969 (hard cover and paperback).
Science Study Series No. 39: Lasers and Holography: An Introduction to Coherent Optics focuses on the processes, methodologies, and techniques involved in optics, including wave diffraction and patterns, zone plates, holograms, and diffraction. The publication first ponders on holograms as wave patterns, coherence, and lasers. Topics include reflectors and resonators, natural line width, semiconductor lasers, reflectors and spatial coherence, energy conservation with reflectors, frequency coherence and stability, coherent waves from small sources, photographic grating, and properties of waves. The book then tackles wave diffraction, as well as diffraction by two and multiple slits, near field, multiple slit gratings and photographic gratings, refraction by prisms, dependence of diffraction on wavelength, and disks and zone plates. The manuscript reviews the properties of holograms and zone plates. Discussions focus on holograms and coherent radar, single wavelength nature of holograms, image inversion, reconstruction with a small portion of a hologram, pseudoscopy in the real image of a hologram, zone plates as negative lenses, offset zone plates, and zone plates with areas interchanged. The text is a dependable reference for researchers interested in coherent optics.
Image Processing in Bio-Medical Engineering.- Ultrasonic Holography: A Practical System.- New Dimensions for R&D Program Management.- Ultrasonic Tissue Visualization and Surgery in Brain.- A Project of Ultrasonic Tomography ("Sonoradiography").- Image Information Processing for Pulse Echo Scanning Methods.- Ultrasonic Imaging at Stanford Research Institute.- Optical Information Processing and Acousto-Optics.- Present Aspects of "Ultrasonotomography" for Medical Diagnostics.- New Forms of Ultrasonic and Radar Imaging.- Acoustic Microscopy.- Some Aspects of Optical Holography that Might be of In.
Advances in systems technology are creating the need for alphanumeric displays and component technology to satisfy this need. The field of alphanumeric displays covers appli cations from the single character lift indicator to the thousand-plus character computer read out. A survey of the state of alphanumeric displays helps the user of display devices to make a choice, for a particular application, between the various devices available now or in the near future. It is essential to consider the circuits and the display device together in order to obtain a clear picture of the economics of the different techniques. In general, a display module is controlled by binary input signals at normal logic pow ers and may be subdivided into five basic elements: 1) data memory, 2) character generator, 3) driving circuits, 4) scanning circuits, and 5) display device. The data memory is essential to make the display module independent of the system. Normally, this will be an electronic memory, but in some cases, the display device will have an inherent memory. The character generator must perform two functions: 1) convert the binary code to a 'lout of n' form to select the chosen character out of the on' available, and 2) create the character format, although in some cases this is inherent in the display device.
This volume contains the complete set of papers presented at the First U. S. -U. S. S. R. Sciences Cooperation Seminar on "Optical Information Processing" held at the U. S. National Academy of Sciences in Washington, D. C. from 16 - 20 June 1975 under the sponsorship of the National Science Foundation in cooperation with the U. S. S. R. Academy of Sciences. The papers present the latest theoretical advances and ex perimental state of the art in the newly developing field of "opti cal information processing", with particular emphasis on appli cations to communication, information storage and processing. Digital as well as optical systems are discussed in terms of concepts and implementations. Included are coherent and inco herent optical processing systems (for images and signals), materials and devices for optical computing, acousto-optic signal processing, memories (optical, digital and holographic), optical logic and optically-accessed digital stores, non-linear optical processing, as well as an analysis of the information capacity of optical processing systems and a report on new ex tensions of information processing in synthetic aperture radar. Detailed configurations and new manufacturing techniques for several components are presented, including such topics as "asymmetric interference fringes in reflected light" and' kino form optical elements" of very high quality; these are phase plates having a carefully controlled thickness, somewhat com parable to the famous Schmidt plates and which could have an important role in many optical computer and communications systems.