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QUEEN VICTORIAS PALADINS The unique feature of this book is that it is a dual biography. Garnet Wolseley (18331913) and Frederick Roberts (18321914) were the most important British soldiers during the last quarter of the nineteenth century. They both became field marshals and were both raised to the peerage and entered the House of Lords. Wolseley and Roberts were Queen Victorias paladins. Their reputations were built on the expeditions they led. Wolseley commanded forces in North America and Africa; Roberts commanded in Afghanistan and, at the end of his career, in South Africa. Both men were army reformers, and Roberts dedicated his retirement to a campaign to introduce a brief period of compulsory army service for all physically fit young men, with the objective of building a large reserve of partially trained soldiers. However, this proposal was not acceptable to any British government. Both Wolseley and Roberts left extensive well-written personal memoirs, and their campaigns also generated a substantial literature. They both attracted followers. The officers who surrounded themsome of them highly talentedbecame known as the Wolseley Ring and the Roberts Ring. Queen Victorias paladins devoted their lives to the British Empire. They demonstrated formidable strategic and tactical skills and won a succession of wars against brave but militarily backward opponents. This book compares Wolseley and Roberts as commanders. It also touches on whether Wolseley and Roberts can be compared with generals like Wellington and Montgomery, who won their battles against large, well-organized, and well-armed enemy armies. It is by no means certain that Wolseley and Roberts would have done well in such different circumstances.
This resource covers the life, times, and relationships of Queen Victoria, providing information about her children, her personal interests, the historic times in which she ruled, and the leaders she influenced. In this fascinating guide to every aspect of Queen Victoria's life, author Helen Rappaport analyzes the queen's personality, celebrates her achievements, and details the shortcomings of her empire, both in Britain, with its continuing divide between rich and poor, and overseas, where Britain's great empire was won by repression and exploitation. A–Z entries—including topics barely touched in standard biographies—cover things like the various assassination attempts on her life, her interest in dancing and Jack the Ripper's murders, and how her husband Prince Albert introduced the celebration of Christmas to England. Queen Victoria also describes individuals such as her companion Lady Jane Churchill, her physician Sir James Clark, and politicians such as William Gladstone and Benjamin Disraeli; events like the Irish potato famine; inventions like steam power; and issues such as missionary activity and prostitution. It also includes bibliographies both for each entry and overall, and a chronology.
THE CAULDRON OF WAR, 1914-1918 Robert Gardner (1899-1972) was a member of a generation of highly-educated Englishmen who went to war in 1914: a war in which they suffered a horrifying loss of life. Robert Gardner was one of the survivors. Before the war, after taking First-Class Honours in both parts of the Classics Tripos at Emmanuel College, Cambridge, he was awarded the much prized Craven Studentship that took him to Italy for two years to carry out research into aspects of Roman military history. Towards the end of his time in Italy, the outbreak of the First World War brought him immediately back to England. He was a Lancashire man and he was commissioned in the senior infantry regiment from that county, the King’s Own (Royal Lancashire Regiment). His battalion spent the winter of 1914-1915 training for war. Robert Gardner went with his battalion to France in May 1915, and was with them when they fought in four major battles in which they suffered heavy casualties. His service was interrupted by a serious injury from an accident with a firearm, and although he was away from his battalion for fourteen months, he served for more than two years in the trenches. He was awarded the Military Cross, and was steadily promoted until, at the end of the war he commanded his battalion as a lieutenant colonel. He took his battalion back to England in 1919, and with the rest of his men he was demobilized. Emmanuel College lost no time in electing him to a fellowship, He spent a long and productive career delivering university lectures and supervising students, and he also became Bursar of the College, with the responsibility for finances, investments and all business affairs. His life revolved around the College. He was a very popular figure, and one of the more distinguished public rooms in the College was named after him. He had a happy family life; he was devout, and remarkably abstemious. During all the years after the First World War he maintained regular contact with the King’s Own, and although he lived in Cambridge he regularly attended regimental reunions in Lancashire. He retired in 1960, but this did not stop him from his regular association with the fellows and undergraduates of Emmanuel. In the words of the Master of the College: ‘He was an Emmanuel institution, who for more than half a century represented a vital link with the past.’
This biography evokes the pervasive importance of religion to Queen Victoria's life but also that life's centrality to the religion of Victorians around the globe. The first comprehensive exploration of Victoria's religiosity, it shows how moments in her life—from her accession to her marriage and her successive bereavements—enlarged how she defined and lived her faith. It portrays a woman who had simple convictions but a complex identity that suited her multinational Kingdom: a determined Anglican who preferred Presbyterian Scotland; an ardent Protestant who revered her husband's Lutheran homeland but became sympathetic towards Roman Catholicism and Islam; a moralizing believer in the religion of the home who scorned Sabbatarianism. Drawing on a systematic reading of her journals and a rich selection of manuscripts from British and German archives, Michael Ledger-Lomas sheds new light not just on Victoria's private beliefs but also on her activity as a monarch, who wielded her powers energetically in questions of church and state. Unlike a conventional biography, this book interweaves its account of Victoria's life with a panoramic survey of what religious communities made of it. It shows how different churches and world religions expressed an emotional identification with their Queen and Empress, turning her into an embodiment of their different and often rival conceptions of what her Empire ought to be. The result is a fresh vision of a familiar life, which also explains why monarchy and religion remained close allies in the nineteenth-century British world.
Brief history of Hereford cattle: v. 1, p. 359-375.
Covering the lives and achievements of five English intelligence officers involved in wars at home and abroad between 1870 and 1918, this exceptionally researched book offers an insight into spying in the age of Victoria. Including material from little-known sources such as memoirs, old biographies and information from M15 and the police history archives, this book is a more detailed sequel to Wade's earlier work, Spies in the Empire. The book examines the social and political context of Victorian spying and the role of intelligence in the Anglo-Boer wars as well as case studies on five intriguing characters: William Melville, Sir John Ardagh, Reginald Wingate and Rudolf Slatin, and William Robertson. Responding to a dearth of books covering this topic, Wade both presents fascinating biographies of some of the most significant figures in the history of intelligence as well as a snapshot of a time in which the experts and amateurs who would eventually become M15 struggled against bias, denigration and confusion.