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Unconsolidated sediments in the Fort. St. John area include a twice repeated succession of gravel overlain by sand, silt, and clay, and each of these in t urn be till of eastern origin. Both succession are interpreted as: (1) gravel laid down by Peace River during or at the close of interglacial (and preglacial?) intervals, (2) fine sediments laid down in lakes ponded in Peace River valley by ice advancing from the east, and (3) till laid down after ice reached Fort St. John area. The younger till [early Wisconsin (?)] is covered by sediments, chiefly clay, from a series of proglacial lakes, and by local postglacial deposits. The topography of the uplands reflects the form of the stream-eroded Cretaceous bedrock, modified slightly by glacial erosion and by the deposition of a thin mantle of till. Landform at intermediate levels is determined largely by sediments which were deposited in proglacial lakes both preceding and following the last glaciation from the east. Since the draining of the last proglacial lake Peace River has cut a trench 700 feet deep below the lake floor and 150 to 250 feet below its interglacial channel. Lice from the Cordilleran area reached to within 15 miles of Fort St. John, overriding areas from which the early Wisconsin (?) eastern ice had already withdrawn. The Quaternary history here is important in localizing the few available aquifers for shallow farm wells, and may have significantly influenced migration of early man into central North America.
A collection of regional papers on quaternary glaciation arepresented here under the major section headings of WesternCanada, Arctic Canada, and Eastern Canada.
1919/28 cumulation includes material previously issued in the 1919/20-1935/36 issues and also material not published separately for 1927/28. 1929/39 cumulation includes material previously issued in the 1929/30-1935/36 issues and also material for 1937-39 not published separately.
This paper is the first to porpose an integrated system of lithostratigraphic nomenclature based on detailed stratigraphic studies along the entire Foothills belt from the Crowsnest Pass area to the Peace River.
1785/1918 includes material issued previously in the annual Bibliography of North America geology, and in cumulative volumes issued by N. H. Darton and F. B. Weeks. 1919/28 cumulation includes material previously issued in the 1919/20-1935/36 issues and also material not published separately for 1927/28. 1929/39 cumulation includes material previously issued in the 1929/30-1935/36 issues and also material for 1937-39 not published separately.
This volume lays the physical and conceptual groundwork for the Pacific World series, exploring both the constraints imposed and the opportunities offered to humanity by the physical environment of the Pacific region. Organized from the perspectives of "Big History" and macro-geography, the volume presents a series of major studies and surveys by authors from a range of disciplines. It opens with perspectives on the ocean, and closes with questions of human settlement, diffusion, and trans-Pacific contacts. Geologists write of the origins of the Pacific, its geological structure, and the problem of tsunamis; climatologists and oceanographers discuss the El Niño Southern Oscillation and the ocean waters; biologists and biogeographers find patterns in the life of the Basin - as is shown, all these have their impact on the potential of the region for human use and settlement. Finally, geographers, anthropologists, and archaeologists deal with the peopling of the Pacific islands, the settlement of the Americas, and the incidence and importance of pre-modern links across the Pacific.