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One of the key challenges in service-oriented systems engineering is the prediction and assurance of non-functional properties, such as the reliability and the availability of composite interorganizational services. Such systems are often characterized by a variety of inherent uncertainties, which must be addressed in the modeling and the analysis approach. The different relevant types of uncertainties can be categorized into (1) epistemic uncertainties due to incomplete knowledge and (2) randomization as explicitly used in protocols or as a result of physical processes. In this report, we study a probabilistic timed model which allows us to quantitatively reason about nonfunctional properties for a restricted class of service-oriented real-time systems using formal methods. To properly motivate the choice for the used approach, we devise a requirements catalogue for the modeling and the analysis of probabilistic real-time systems with uncertainties and provide evidence that the uncertainties of type (1) and (2) in the targeted systems have a major impact on the used models and require distinguished analysis approaches. The formal model we use in this report are Interval Probabilistic Timed Automata (IPTA). Based on the outlined requirements, we give evidence that this model provides both enough expressiveness for a realistic and modular specifiation of the targeted class of systems, and suitable formal methods for analyzing properties, such as safety and reliability properties in a quantitative manner. As technical means for the quantitative analysis, we build on probabilistic model checking, specifically on probabilistic time-bounded reachability analysis and computation of expected reachability rewards and costs. To carry out the quantitative analysis using probabilistic model checking, we developed an extension of the Prism tool for modeling and analyzing IPTA. Our extension of Prism introduces a means for modeling probabilistic uncertainty in the form of probability intervals, as required for IPTA. For analyzing IPTA, our Prism extension moreover adds support for probabilistic reachability checking and computation of expected rewards and costs. We discuss the performance of our extended version of Prism and compare the interval-based IPTA approach to models with fixed probabilities.
This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-proceedings of the First International Workshop on Formal Modeling and Analysis of Timed Systems, FORMATS 2003, held in Marseille, France in September 2003. The 19 revised full papers presented together with an invited paper and the abstracts of two invited talks were carefully selected from 36 submissions during two rounds of reviewing and improvement. All current aspects of formal method for modeling and analyzing timed systems are addressed; among the timed systems dealt with are timed automata, timed Petri nets, max-plus algebras, real-time systems, discrete time systems, timed languages, and real-time operating systems.
This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-proceedings of the First International Workshop on Formal Modeling and Analysis of Timed Systems, FORMATS 2003, held in Marseille, France in September 2003. The 19 revised full papers presented together with an invited paper and the abstracts of two invited talks were carefully selected from 36 submissions during two rounds of reviewing and improvement. All current aspects of formal method for modeling and analyzing timed systems are addressed; among the timed systems dealt with are timed automata, timed Petri nets, max-plus algebras, real-time systems, discrete time systems, timed languages, and real-time operating systems.
The formal modeling and analysis is of crucial importance for software development processes following the model based approach. We present the formalism of Interval Probabilistic Timed Graph Transformation Systems (IPTGTSs) as a high-level modeling language. This language supports structure dynamics (based on graph transformation), timed behavior (based on clocks, guards, resets, and invariants as in Timed Automata (TA)), and interval probabilistic behavior (based on Discrete Interval Probability Distributions). That is, for the probabilistic behavior, the modeler using IPTGTSs does not need to provide precise probabilities, which are often impossible to obtain, but rather provides a probability range instead from which a precise probability is chosen nondeterministically. In fact, this feature on capturing probabilistic behavior distinguishes IPTGTSs from Probabilistic Timed Graph Transformation Systems (PTGTSs) presented earlier. Following earlier work on Interval Probabilistic Timed Automata (IPTA) and PTGTSs, we also provide an analysis tool chain for IPTGTSs based on inter-formalism transformations. In particular, we provide in our tool AutoGraph a translation of IPTGTSs to IPTA and rely on a mapping of IPTA to Probabilistic Timed Automata (PTA) to allow for the usage of the Prism model checker. The tool Prism can then be used to analyze the resulting PTA w.r.t. probabilistic real-time queries asking for worst-case and best-case probabilities to reach a certain set of target states in a given amount of time.
This volume contains the papers that were presented at the 8th International Conference on Formal Modeling and Analysis of Timed Systems (FORMATS 2010), held September 8–10, 2010, at IST (Institute of Science and Technology) Austria, in Klosterneuburg, Austria. The modeling andanalysis oftiming aspects of systems is a keyproblem that has been treated independently in several di?erent communities in computer science and related areas. Researchers interested in semantics, veri?cation, re- timescheduling,andperformanceanalysisstudymodelssuchastimedautomata and timed Petri nets, the digital design community focuses on propagation and switching delays, and designers of embedded controllers need to take into - count the time requiredby controllersto compute their responses after sampling the environment. Although the timing-related questions in these separate c- munities have their own speci?c nature, there is a growing awareness that there are basic problems that are common to all of them. In particular, all of these disciplines model and analyze systems whose behavior depends on combinations of logical and timing constraints between occurrences of events. The aim of FORMATS is to promote the study of fundamental and practical aspects of timed systems, and to bring together researchers from di?erent d- ciplines that share an interest in the modeling and analysis of timed systems. Typical topics include (but are not limited to): – Foundations and Semantics: theoretical foundations of timed systems and languages; comparison between di?erent models (timed automata, timed Petri nets, hybrid automata, timed process algebra,max-plus algebra, pr- abilistic models).
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Formal Modeling and Analysis of Timed Systems, FORMATS 2009, held in Budapest, Hungary, September 2009. The 18 revised full papers presented together with 4 invited talks were carefully reviewed and selected from 40 submissions. The aim of FORMATS is to promote the study of fundamental and practical aspects of timed systems, and to bring together researchers from different disciplines that share interests in the modelling and analysis of timed systems.Typical topics include (but are not limited to): – Foundations and Semantics. Theoretical foundations of timed systems and languages; comparison between different models (timed automata, timed Petri nets, hybrid automata, timed process algebra, max-plus algebra, probabilistic models). – Methods and Tools. Techniques, algorithms, data structures, and software tools for analyzing timed systems and resolving temporal constraints (scheduling, worst-case execution time analysis, optimization, model checking, testing, constraint solving, etc.). – Applications. Adaptation and specialization of timing technology in application domains in which timing plays an important role (real-time software, hardware circuits, and problems of scheduling in manufacturing and telecommunication).
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Formal Modeling and Analysis of Timed Systems, FORMATS 2019, held in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, in August 2019. The 15 full papers and 2 short papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 42 submissions. The papers are organized in the following topical sections: special session on data-driven and stochastic approaches to real-time, including monitoring and Big Data; timed systems; linear and non-linear systems; timed automata; special session on timed systems and probabilities.
This dissertation contributes to the quantitative and structural analysis of real-time and probabilistic systems. The quantitative analysis herein goes beyond the classical boolean notion of system correctness, and is performed on system models that incorporate perturbations, prices, and probabilities in their behaviour. The structural analysis investigated in this dissertation entails reduction techniques for networks of real-time and probabilistic systems that exhibit parallelism. These four aspects (namely, perturbations, prices, probabilities, and parallelism) are analyzed on the following system models w.r.t variants of reachability properties: 1. perturbed timed automata with drifting clocks and with clock resynchronization, 2. multi-priced timed automata with a bounded budget, 3. networks of timed automata extended with shared data variables, 4. networks of probabilistic automata extended with shared data variables, and 5. perturbed probabilistic timed automata with drifting clocks and with clock resynchronization. engl.
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Formal Modeling and Analysis of Timed Systems, FORMATS 2008, held in Saint Malo, France, September 2008. The 17 revised full papers presented together with 3 invited talks were carefully reviewed and selected from 37 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on extensions of timed automata and semantics; timed games and logic; case studies; model-checking of probabilistic systems; verification and test; timed petri nets.
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Formal Modeling and Analysis of Timed Systems, FORMATS 2013, held in Buenos Aires, Argentina, in August 2013. The 18 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 41 submissions. The book covers topics of foundations and semantics (theoretical foundations of timed systems and languages; comparison between different models, such as timed automata, timed Petri nets, hybrid automata, timed process algebra, max-plus algebra, probabilistic models); methods and Tools (techniques, algorithms, data structures, and software tools for analyzing timed systems and resolving temporal constraints, e.g., scheduling, worst-case execution time analysis, optimization, model checking, testing, constraint solving, etc.); applications (adaptation and specialization of timing technology in application domains in which timing plays an important role, e.g., real-time software, hardware circuits, and problems of scheduling in manufacturing and telecommunications).