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With the objective of achieving better investigation of engines-fuels by obtaining instantaneous quantitative imaging of in-cylinder processes, several steps have been taken for some years at Rutgers University. They are: (1) Construction of a new Multispectral high-speed infrared (IR) digital imaging system; (2) Development of spectrometric analysis methods; (3) Application of the above to real-world in-cylinder engine environments and simple flames. This paper reports some of results from these studies. The one-of-a-kind Rutgers IR imaging system was developed in order to simultaneously capture four geometrically (pixel-to-pixel) identical images in respective spectral bands of IR radiation issued from a combustion chamber at successive instants of time and high frame rates. In order to process the raw data gathered by this Rutgers system, three new spectrometric methods have been developed to date: (1) dual-band mapping method; (2) new band-ratio method; and (3) three-band iteration method. The former two methods were developed to obtain instantaneous distributions of temperature and water vapor concentrations, and the latter method is to simultaneously find those of temperature, water vapor and soot in gaseous mixtures, i.e., to achieve quantitative imaging. Applications of these techniques were made to both SI and CI engine combustion processes as well as bench-top burner flames. Discussion is made on the methods and new results.
As industrial processes and their corresponding control models increase in complexity, the data provided by traditional point sensors is no longer adequate to ensure product quality and cost-effective operation. Process Imaging for Automatic Control demonstrates how in-process imaging technologies surpass the limitations of traditional monitoring systems by providing real-time multidimensional measurement and control data. Combined with suitable data extraction and control schemes, such systems can optimize the performance of a wide variety of industrial processes. Contributed by leading international experts, Process Imaging for Automatic Control offers authoritative, comprehensive coverage of this new area of process control technology, including: Basic goals of process modeling and their application to automatic control Direct imaging devices and applications, such as machine vision and spatial measurement of flow velocity, pressure, shear, pH, and temperature Various techniques, hardware implementations, and image reconstruction methods for process tomography Image enhancement and restoration State estimation methods State space control system models, control strategies, and implementation issues Five chapters devoted to case studies and advanced applications From theory to practical implementation, this book is the first to treat the entire range of imaging techniques and their application to process control. Supplying broad coverage with more than 270 illustrations and nearly 700 cited references, it presents an accessible introduction to this rapidly growing, interdisciplinary technology.
"This book provides insight into an unconventional modality of imaging where several spectral images are captured by a single snapshot under multi-laser illumination, ensuring high-speed imaging within extremely narrow spectral bands. This method has three distinct advantages, if compared to common commercial multispectral imaging systems - considerably improved spectral selectivity (or colour sensitivity) of imaging, avoided motion artefacts in the spectral image sets, and simpler/faster image processing as integrals over the spectral bands of imaging are replaced by numbers of the fixed working wavelengths. The basic principles and progress in this field are reviewed, focusing on applications for human skin diagnostics and printed forgery detection. The designs of ten different lab-developed prototypes that implement this method are described, along with results of their laboratory, clinical and/or forensic tests. This research leads to the development of new equipment and protocols for better skin diagnostics and the advanced detection of money, document, and artwork forgeries. Chapter 1 explains the basics of spectral imaging, including the main principles of multispectral and hyperspectral imaging. Chapter 2 introduces the snapshot multi-spectral-line imaging (SMSLI) method, focusing on lasers as multi-wavelength illumination sources. Chapter 3 describes multi-laser illumination designs while Chapter 4 presents main specifications of the lab-assembled prototype devices implementing such designs. Results of the test measurements confirming applicability of the developed solutions for analysis/mapping of colour pigments in clinical diagnostics and forgery detection are discussed in Chapters 5 and 6, respectively. This will be a valuable reference for laser and imaging professionals, photonics researchers and engineers, clinicians (dermatologists, plastic surgeons, oncologists), forensic experts, and students of physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, and engineering"--
This book demonstrates the concept of Fourier ptychography, a new imaging technique that bypasses the resolution limit of the employed optics. In particular, it transforms the general challenge of high-throughput, high-resolution imaging from one that is coupled to the physical limitations of the optics to one that is solvable through computation. Demonstrated in a tutorial form and providing many MATLAB® simulation examples for the reader, it also discusses the experimental implementation and recent developments of Fourier ptychography. This book will be of interest to researchers and engineers learning simulation techniques for Fourier optics and the Fourier ptychography concept.
Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.
This new volume, number 123, of Methods in Cell Biology looks at methods for quantitative imaging in cell biology. It covers both theoretical and practical aspects of using optical fluorescence microscopy and image analysis techniques for quantitative applications. The introductory chapters cover fundamental concepts and techniques important for obtaining accurate and precise quantitative data from imaging systems. These chapters address how choice of microscope, fluorophores, and digital detector impact the quality of quantitative data, and include step-by-step protocols for capturing and analyzing quantitative images. Common quantitative applications, including co-localization, ratiometric imaging, and counting molecules, are covered in detail. Practical chapters cover topics critical to getting the most out of your imaging system, from microscope maintenance to creating standardized samples for measuring resolution. Later chapters cover recent advances in quantitative imaging techniques, including super-resolution and light sheet microscopy. With cutting-edge material, this comprehensive collection is intended to guide researchers for years to come. Covers sections on model systems and functional studies, imaging-based approaches and emerging studies Chapters are written by experts in the field Cutting-edge material