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This book brings together the latest research in this new and exciting area of visualization, looking at classifying and modelling cognitive biases, together with user studies which reveal their undesirable impact on human judgement, and demonstrating how visual analytic techniques can provide effective support for mitigating key biases. A comprehensive coverage of this very relevant topic is provided though this collection of extended papers from the successful DECISIVe workshop at IEEE VIS, together with an introduction to cognitive biases and an invited chapter from a leading expert in intelligence analysis. Cognitive Biases in Visualizations will be of interest to a wide audience from those studying cognitive biases to visualization designers and practitioners. It offers a choice of research frameworks, help with the design of user studies, and proposals for the effective measurement of biases. The impact of human visualization literacy, competence and human cognition on cognitive biases are also examined, as well as the notion of system-induced biases. The well referenced chapters provide an excellent starting point for gaining an awareness of the detrimental effect that some cognitive biases can have on users’ decision-making. Human behavior is complex and we are only just starting to unravel the processes involved and investigate ways in which the computer can assist, however the final section supports the prospect that visual analytics, in particular, can counter some of the more common cognitive errors, which have been proven to be so costly.
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Advances in Brain Inspired Cognitive Systems, BICS 2019, held in Guangzhou, China, in July 2019. The 57 papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 129 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections named: neural computation; biologically inspired systems; image recognition: detection, tracking and classification; and data analysis and natural language processing.
This seven-volume set LNCS 14054-14060 constitutes the proceedings of the 25th International Conference, HCI International 2023, in Copenhagen, Denmark, in July 2023. For the HCCII 2023 proceedings, a total of 1578 papers and 396 posters was carefully reviewed and selected from 7472 submissions. Additionally, 267 papers and 133 posters are included in the volumes of the proceedings published after the conference, as “Late Breaking Work”. These papers were organized in the following topical sections: HCI Design and User Experience; Cognitive Engineering and Augmented Cognition; Cultural Issues in Design; Technologies for the Aging Population; Accessibility and Design for All; Designing for Health and Wellbeing; Information Design, Visualization, Decision-making and Collaboration; Social Media, Creative Industries and Cultural Digital Experiences; Digital Human Modeling, Ergonomics and Safety; HCI in Automated Vehicles and Intelligent Transportation; Sustainable Green Smart Cities and Smart Industry; eXtended Reality Interactions; Gaming and Gamification Experiences; Interacting with Artificial Intelligence; Security, Privacy, Trust and Ethics; Learning Technologies and Learning Experiences; eCommerce, Digital Marketing and eFinance.
The Nonprofit Risk Book guides you through the process of finding, managing and mitigating risks that sap your nonprofit organization's time, finances, and resources. The book will lead you through a systematic process of evaluating what you know best: your organization and its operations. You will learn how to build a list of risks and evaluate each one for its likelihood and impact. After assigning a priority to each risk based on its severity and determining the resources needed to address it, you will be able to create a risk register. From this, you will be able to plan mitigation actions to address each risk and set dates for mitigation plan review and completion. Learn how to use the tools nonprofit leaders need to manage risk in programs and other operations.
This work covers topics such as: the psychometric and cognitive theory of item generation; construct-oriented approaches to item generation; implementation; and applications of item-generative principles.
People often follow intuitive principles of decision making, ranging from group loyalty to the belief that nature is benign. But instead of using these principles as rules of thumb, we often treat them as absolutes and ignore the consequences of following them blindly. In Judgment Misguided, Jonathan Baron explores our well-meant and deeply felt personal intuitions about what is right and wrong, and how they affect the public domain. Baron argues that when these intuitions are valued in their own right, rather than as a means to another end, they often prevent us from achieving the results we want. Focusing on cases where our intuitive principles take over public decision making, the book examines some of our most common intuitions and the ways they can be misused. According to Baron, we can avoid these problems by paying more attention to the effects of our decisions. Written in a accessible style, the book is filled with compelling case studies, such as abortion, nuclear power, immigration, and the decline of the Atlantic fishery, among others, which illustrate a range of intuitions and how they impede the public's best interests. Judgment Misguided will be important reading for those involved in public decision making, and researchers and students in psychology and the social sciences, as well as everyone looking for insight into the decisions that affect us all.
A selective review of modern decision science and implications for decision-support systems. The study suggests ways to synthesize lessons from research on heuristics and biases with those from "naturalistic research." It also discusses modern tools, such as increasingly realistic simulations, multiresolution modeling, and exploratory analysis, which can assist decisionmakers in choosing strategies that are flexible, adaptive, and robust.
Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics and the Affiliated Conferences, Nice, France, 24-27 July 2024.
Psychologists have long been aware that most people maintain an irrationally positive outlook on life—but why? Turns out, we might be hardwired that way. In this absorbing exploration, Tali Sharot—one of the most innovative neuroscientists at work today—demonstrates that optimism may be crucial to human existence. The Optimism Bias explores how the brain generates hope and what happens when it fails; how the brains of optimists and pessimists differ; why we are terrible at predicting what will make us happy; how emotions strengthen our ability to recollect; how anticipation and dread affect us; how our optimistic illusions affect our financial, professional, and emotional decisions; and more. Drawing on cutting-edge science, The Optimism Bias provides us with startling new insight into the workings of the brain and the major role that optimism plays in determining how we live our lives.
Cognitive Illusions explores a wide range of fascinating psychological effects in the way we think, judge and remember in our everyday lives. Featuring contributions from leading researchers, the book defines what cognitive illusions are and discusses their theoretical status: are such illusions proof for a faulty human information-processing system, or do they only represent by-products of otherwise adaptive cognitive mechanisms? Throughout the book, background to phenomena such as illusions of control, overconfidence and hindsight bias are discussed, before considering the respective empirical research, potential explanations of the phenomenon, and relevant applied perspectives. Each chapter also features the detailed description of an experiment that can be used as classroom demonstration. Featuring six new chapters, this edition has been thoroughly updated throughout to reflect recent research and changes of focus within the field. This book will be of interest to students and researchers of cognitive illusions, specifically, those focusing on thinking, reasoning, decision-making and memory.