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In March 2010 the European Commission adopted "Europe 2020", a strategy for European economic and social development to promote smart, sustainable and inclusive growth to stimulate a high-employment economy to deliver social and territorial cohesion throughout the Member States. A key part of this initiative is a target to achieve universal broadband access by 2013 and give citizens access to much faster internet speeds across Europe by 2020. Higher broadband speeds have been defined as 30 Mbps or above, with a further goal of 50% or more European households subscribing to broadband connections above 100 Mbps. This study falls under the "Digital Agenda for Europe" which was adopted on 19 May 2010. The focus of this Agenda is a framework for stimulating growth and innovation notably through maximizing the potential of Information and communication technologies (ICTs). This initiative builds on previous activity by the European Commission, which has been monitoring coverage and take-up of broadband access in the EU since July 2002 through the Communications Committee. This research has shown that whilst progress has been made in extending fixed broadband coverage, with 97.2% of European households able to access broadband at the end of 2013, the figure drops to 89.8% in rural areas, and in some countries broadband covers just 63.5% or less of the rural households. In terms of take-up, there were 31 fixed broadband lines per 100 European citizens in June 2014.
Several studies have shown that the effective speed of fixed broadband connections is typically less than the headline or advertised speed. In 2012 the Commission launched a study to obtain reliable and accurate statistics of broadband performance across the different EU Member States. Measurements were taken from 9,104 measurement devices in March 2012 spread across all EU countries. The average download speed across all countries was 19.47 Mbps during peak hours, and this increased slightly to 20.12 Mbps when all hours were considered. This figure represents 74% of the advertised headline speed. These are the overall results of the sample, and do not refer to the actual composition of the broadband market across each country. The study showed that there is significant variation in the performance of different technologies. xDSL based services achieved 63.3% of the headline download speed, whilst cable and FTTx services, including VDSL, achieved 91.4% and 84.4% respectively.
The Brussels Round Table, a forum of leading EU telecommunications operators and equipment manufacturers, commissioned these articles. They examine the deployment of broadband in European countries and make policy recommendations related to telecommunications regulation. Specific topics include pricing flexibility, competition, growth potential, likely future dynamics, competition, investment opportunities, eliminating excess regulation, facilitating longer-term points of view, and suggestions for transparent and competition-neutral subsidies.
First in-depth analysis of broadband developments in Europe, combining qualitative and quantitative analysis, with chapter contributions provided by in-country experts.
Universal service is the principle that all citizens should be provided with a range of basic but good quality services at affordable prices so that they are able to participate fully in society. Since 2010, functional internet access has been included in EU legislation on universal telecommunications service. However in the intervening years, the data volumes and connection speeds used by consumers have continued to increase. For some, designating broadband internet access as a universal service could complement other EU measures to ensure the availability of faster internet connections and to encourage widespread internet use in the Digital Single Market. Designating broadband as a universal service could arguably help reduce social exclusion by overcoming the 'digital divide', as well as encouraging social and economic development, particularly in rural regions where the costs of providing broadband are higher than in urban areas. On the other hand, setting an EU-wide minimum speed could distort markets, reduce competition, and reduce private investment in infrastructure projects in some Member States. Financing this change could also be a problem, particularly in those countries where broadband access is below the EU average or where many households do not currently use the internet due to cost. The forthcoming review of telecommunications regulation in the EU promises to revive debate on this subject. A recent American decision to provide subsidies for low-income families for internet access at average broadband levels highlights differences in current approaches between the United States and the EU.
Provides extensive coverage of standardized QoS technologies for fixed and mobile ultra-broadband networks and services—bringing together technical, regulation, and business aspects The Quality of Service (QoS) has been mandatory for traditional telecommunication services such as telephony (voice) and television (TV) since the first half of the past century, however, with the convergence of telecommunication networks and services onto Internet technologies, the QoS provision remains a big challenge for all ICT services, not only for traditional ones. This book covers the standardized QoS technologies for fixed and mobile ultra-broadband networks and services, including the business aspects and QoS regulation framework, which all will have high impact on the ICTs in the current and the following decade. QoS for Fixed and Mobile Ultra-Broadband starts by introducing readers to the telecommunications field and the technology, and the many aspects of both QoS and QoE (Quality of Experience). The next chapter devotes itself to Internet QoS, starting with an overview of numerous technology protocols and finishing with business and regulatory aspects. The next three chapters look at QoS in NGN and Future Networks, QoS for fixed ultra-broadband, and QoS for mobile ultra-broadband. The book also provides readers with in-depth accounts of services in fixed and mobile ultra-broadband; broadband QoS parameters, KPIs, and measurements; network neutrality; and the QoS regulatory framework. Comprehensively covers every aspect of QoS technology for fixed and mobile ultra-broadband networks and services, including the technology, the many regulations, and their applications in business Explains how the QoS is transiting from the traditional telecom world to an all-IP world Presents all the fundamentals of QoS regulation, as well as SLA regulation QoS for Fixed and Mobile Ultra-Broadband is an excellent resource for managers, engineers, and employees from regulators, ICT government organizations, telecommunication companies (operators, service providers), ICT companies, and industry. It is also a good book for students and professors from academia who are interested in understanding, implementation, and regulation of QoS for fixed and mobile ultra-broadband.
This book explains why Asia leads the broadband revolution while the United States and Europe struggle to keep up.
The Internet is changing the world we live in, and the challenge for Europe is to embrace the digital age and become a truly knowledge-based economy. The way in which the European Union manages this transition will help determine our quality of life, our working conditions and the overall competitiveness of our industries and services. 'eEurope' is the EU's scheme for guiding this process of change and for modernising our education and vocational training systems to ensure digital literacy at school and in the workplace. eEurope and the related education strategy have become the driving force behind the EU's push to become the most competitive knowledge-based economy in the world by 2010.
This volume constitutes the proceedings of the Second International Conference on Intelligence in Broadband Services and Networks (IS&N '94), held in Aachen, Germany in September 1994. The book addresses the design of telecommunication services in the rapidly changing technological and regulatory environment. The 47 revised papers presented in the volume reflect work done under the CEC RACE project "Intelligence in Services and Networks" as well as individual research done independently. The volume is organized in 11 chapters, all introduced by surveys by the session chairpersons. Among the topics covered are: the context of IS&N, user interfaces, component models and service creation, TMN implementation, service management, and beyond IN.
Broadband adoption and its applications have been found to affect economic growth, innovativeness, political representation and individual welfare. As such, network infrastructures are now central in the political agenda with modern economies largely dependent on the vast spillover effects of information services. The European Commission has set out its targets to improve the Union's infrastructure by 2020 and provide high quality services to all citizens. This effort entails a front-loaded high-risk investment - both in terms of technology uncertainty and the rate of adoption - making it unlikely to materialize without significant subsidies. In this paper we attempt to estimate the net benefits of the implementation of the Broadband Digital Agenda. Using a structural model we first estimate the broadband infrastructure returns for the period 2005-2011, differentiating the impact of broadband by levels of adoption and speed while taking into account the effects of reverse causality and extensive heterogeneity. We further extrapolate the individualized returns by country using different scenarios of implementation. In doing so, we utilize the most detailed sample on the total infrastructure cost requirements depending on demography, technology choice and network reuse. Effectively we monetize the conceptual policy goals, acknowledging the degrees of uncertainty within this attempt. We finally estimate the required investment and subsidies by country and the cumulative and net gains by different implementation approach.