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Quality Management in Archaeology deals with the effects of the profound changes that have had an impact on the discipline of archaeology all over the world. In North America, in Europe and increasingly in other parts of the world, new legislation and international treaties have changed its position in society. What was once a university based research activity by a limited number of academics has become a socially relevant field with many practitioners that are mostly employed in some branch of archaeological resource management. Archaeology has been successful in persuading governments and the general public that more should be done to preserve archaeological heritage and to investigate it where it will be irretrievably lost. The scale and frequency of archaeological work has increased vastly, at considerable cost to society. Consequently, there is pressure to do the work efficiently and economically. At the same time, academic standards have to be maintained to assure that the end result will be the relevant knowledge about the past that society pays for. Different countries have found different approaches and solutions to deal with this dilemma. Sometimes commercial archaeology is allowed, sometimes it is not, but in every national context quality has to be managed in some way. This book presents a survey by specialists from the US, Canada, and several European countries on how this is done, what the principles are, and also the priorities. It will be useful for anyone interested in archaeological resource management.
Proceedings of the XVII UISPP World Congress (1-7 September, Burgos, Spain). Volume 8 / Session A13: Quality Management of Cultural Heritage: problems and best practices
This volume presents proceedings from sessions A15a, A15b, A15c of the XVII UISPP World Congress (1–7 September 2014, Burgos, Spain). Collectively this volume presents perspectives of archaeological heritage management in various countries and continents.
Digging, recording, and writing are the three main processes that archaeologists undertake to analyze a site, yet the relationships between these processes is rarely considered critically. Reconsidering Archaeological Fieldwork asserts that each of these processes involves at least a bit of subjective interpretation. As a group of archaeologists work together to reconstruct an objective view of the past, at a particular time, at a particular site, their field methods and subjective interpretations affect the final analysis. This volume explores the important nature of the relationship between fieldwork, analysis, and interpretation. Containing contributions from a diverse group of archaeologists, both academic and professional, from Europe and the Americas, it critically analyzes accepted practices in field archaeology, and provide thoughtful and innovative analysis of these procedures. By combining the experiences of both academic and professional archaeologists, Reconsidering Archaeological Fieldwork highlights key differences and key similarities in their concerns, theories, and techniques. This volume will incite discussion on fundamental questions for all archaeologists, both old and new to the field.
By most estimates, as much as 90 percent of the archaeology done in the United States today is carried out in the field of cultural resource management. The contributors hope that this book will serve as an impetus in American archaeology for dialogue and debate on how to make CRM projects and programs yield both better archaeology and better public policy.
Archaeological heritage conservation is all too often highly conflicted. Economic interests are often at the forefront of management decision-making with heritage values given lesser, if any, consideration, but when heritage places are managed with international principles in mind the sites stand out as evidencing superior outcomes.
In recent years, an important and encouraging development in the practice of archaeology and historical preservation has been the markedly increased number of collaborations among archaeologists, educators, preservation planners, and government managers to explore new approaches to archaeological and heritage education and training to accommodate globalization and the realities of the 21st century worldwide. But what is the collective experience of archaeologists and cultural heritage specialists in these arenas? Should we be encouraged, or discouraged, by national and international trends? In an attempt to answer these questions, this volume examines and gives representational examples of the respective approaches and roles of government, universities, and the private sector in meeting the educational/training needs and challenges of practicing archaeologists today.
Focusing on the principles and practice of management today, and covering contract and field archaeology, heritage management, marketing, law and information technology, this is a collection of outstanding papers by diverse experts.
Archaeology is a component of Encyclopedia of Social Sciences and Humanities in the global Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), which is an integrated compendium of twenty one Encyclopedias. Archaeology is a road for traveling into the past that is independent of and complementary to documents and memory. The archaeological record provides historical perspectives on variability and change in human life support systems with the potential for use in planning for future sustainable development. The Theme is organized into four different topics which represent the main scientific areas of the theme: - Foundations of Archaeology; - The Archaeology of Life Support Systems; - World Cultural Heritage; - Preserving Archaeological Sites and Monuments which are then expanded into multiple subtopics, each as a chapter. The first topic deals with historical, methodological, and theoretical foundations of archaeology. The second topic explores the archaeological record of human life support systems and includes chapters on foraging, food production such as farming and nomadic lifestyles, civilizations, water-management systems, and sustainability. World cultural heritage is the third topic. Finally, the fourth topic covers the preservation of cultural memorials such as archaeological sites, landscapes, and monuments. These two volumes are aimed at the following five major target audiences: University and College Students Educators, Professional Practitioners, Research Personnel and Policy Analysts, Managers, and Decision Makers, NGOs and GOs.
The relative youth of the profession has meant that most of the consulting professionals carrying out CRM work in New Zealand have learnt the requirements of the job while working and with little available formal training. Furthermore, the statutory and legal requirements relating to archaeological sites around the country have changed significantly during the past 25 years. This has escalated in recent years with rapid land development across the country and resulted in an increasing number of archaeologists working as consultants. The legal demands of the work have also increased, resulting in a need for improvements in the quality of the assessments and new methodologies for evaluating archaeological sites and undertaking investigations. The archaeologists have responded to these demands in a variety of ways, but there has been little opportunity to look at how to be a professional archaeologist in this new environment. "This document is designed to be a guide to the complex inner workings of CRM archaeology in New Zealand. I have not attempted to duplicate all the specifics of most of the relevant material such as the legislation, planning documents, legal, contractual or academic papers that form part of the corpus of recommended reading for practitioners. That material is easily available and referenced throughout. Much of the information should be obvious to professional archaeologists in current practice and hopefully common sense to most readers. However, the purpose of this book is to establish a baseline for improvements in method, safety, and professional development tor CRM archaeologists working in New Zealand." The material presented here is not meant to serve as a template for specific projects. Cultural heritage has become a resource - created, ignored, destroyed, managed, enhanced, and understood. It is hoped that the document provides a baseline for understanding the role of archaeology in 21st century New Zealand, and how archaeologists can and should function within statutory frameworks designed to manage our heritage as an "environmental resource.'"The Author"Simon Bickler is an archaeological consultant in Auckland, New Zealand. He earned a BSc in Mathematics, an MPhil (Hons) from the University of Auckland, and an MA and PhD in Anthropology from the University of Virginia. He has done archaeological surveying and excavation in Italy, Turkey, the USA and the Pacific. Simon has been directing and working on a wide variety of New Zealand CRM projects since 2002 and has previously served as President of the New Zealand Archaeological Association. He publishes on a range of topics including the archaeology of New Zealand and Papua New Guinea, radiocarbon dating, computer simulation, machine learning and other data analytic approaches to archaeological issues."