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This publication establishes a detailed set of protocols concerning the application of radiation for medical purposes within the speciality of mammography. The publication addresses the requirements of a quality assurance programme which will allow an organisation to optimise the conditions necessary to achieve the early detection of breast cancer and assure its successful treatment. To that end, the publication contains details of actions needed to install and promote the quality culture, systematic programme of conduct and appropriate education that are critical for success. Instructional material to supplement the knowledge of professionals already working in this field is also provided, as well as quality control worksheets.
This manual provides a harmonized approach to quality assurance (QA) in the emerging area of digital mammography. It outlines the principles of, and specific instructions that can be used for, a QA programme for the optimal detection of early stage breast cancer within a digital environment. Intended for use by Member States that are now using digital mammography or that are assessing the implications of using digital mammography, it addresses major areas such as considerations concerning the transition from screen film to digital mammography, basic principles of QA, clinical image quality, quality control tests for radiographers, and quality control tests for medical physicists, including dosimetry assessment. Instructional materials to supplement the knowledge of professionals already working in the field of diagnostic radiology, as well as quality control worksheets, are also provided.
Mammography is the most used modality for breast cancer screening and diagnosis. However, since ionizing radiation has been classified as a carcinogen and since the breast is sensitive to low radiation doses, quality control (QC) of the mammographic imaging chain is essential. The study aims to develop a national protocol for QC tests for screen film mammography (SFM). It provides a comprehensive analysis of the two most prominent guidance documents for QC in SFM. QC tests were compared in terms of the ease in the acquisition of the specified recommended devices and tools to be used, the importance of the test, and the ease in carrying out the test procedures. The measured and calculated results were assessed as to whether they met the recommended performance criteria. The difference in the performance criteria between the ACR and the IAEA for each test was analyzed. If there was a failed test result, corrective maintenance was done based on the suggested corrective action in the test protocol. Data gathering was done at the Breast Imaging Unit of Benavides Cancer Institute, University of Santo Tomas Hospital. Several QC tests were found to be common to both protocols. A few QC tests were found to be present only in either ACR or IAEA protocols. Eight (8) common tests were found in the radiologic technologist's list of tasks and sixteen (16) common tests in the medical physicist's list. Majority of the tests had significant differences in their acceptability criteria. Further, there were two additional QC tests found only in the IAEA protocol - the test of system constancy by the radiologic technologist and the test of radiation leakage by the medical physicist. The proposed protocol was developed based on the results of the study. It could serve as a reference for use by the DOH Technical Working Group (TWG) tasked to review the technical specifications of and the performance test protocols for SFM equipment.
Bogen er en grundlæggende lærebog om digital mammografi, hvori digital mammografi og traditionel mammografi også sammenlignes i forhold til screening, diagnoser og radiografisk billedteknik. Der er en komplet billedsamling af cases indenfor digital mammografi.
This publication provides a framework for the quality control (QC) of radiographic and mammographic imaging systems using remote and automated tools. The methodology provided in this publication is designed to be easy to implement, in order to support initiation of remote/automated QC programmes. It is based on simple, inexpensive test objects and promotes collection of data in a uniform, harmonized manner allowing for intercomparison and benchmarking. These tests are not intended to replace the comprehensive performance evaluation of the radiographic systems by a CQMP. They can, however, detect deficiencies in system performance before they become clinically significant. Furthermore, frequent QC testing promotes a culture of quality in imaging.
Clinical Medical Imaging Physics: Current and Emerging Practice is the first text of its kind—a comprehensive reference work covering all imaging modalities in use in clinical medicine today. Destined to become a classic in the field, this book provides state-of-practice descriptions for each imaging modality, followed by special sections on new and emerging applications, technologies, and practices. Authored by luminaries in the field of medical physics, this resource is a sophisticated, one-volume handbook to a fast-advancing field that is becoming ever more central to contemporary clinical medicine. Summarizes the current state of clinical medical imaging physics in one volume, with a focus on emerging technologies and applications Provides comprehensive coverage of all key clinical imaging modalities, taking into account the new realities in healthcare practice Features a strong focus on clinical application of principles and technology, now and in the future Contains authoritative text compiled by world-renowned editors and contributors responsible for guiding the development of the field Practicing radiologists and medical physicists will appreciate Clinical Medical Imaging Physics as a peerless everyday reference work. Additionally, graduate students and residents in medical physics and radiology will find this book essential as they study for their board exams.
Digital mammography offers fundamental advantages over film-based mammography. These include the possibility for acquiring quality images at lower radiation dose image recording, processing and archiving as well as the use of artificial intelligence for improving diagnostic outcome. Other practical advantages include cost reduction, use of environmentally friendly technology, and the option of obtaining remote expert diagnostic opinion. Image quality in mammography is critical. A switch from screen-film technology to a digital system is preferable only if high quality images can be guaranteed. This publication provides guidance on the establishment of digital mammography facilities and the upgrade of existing facilities. It focuses on planning, designing and operating the high quality mammography service within available resources.
Breast cancer is the most frequent cause of cancer-related deaths in women in Europe, and demographic trends indicate a continuing increase in this substantial public health problem. Systematic early detection through screening, effective diagnostic pathways and optimal treatment have the ability to substantially lower current breast cancer mortality rates and reduce the burden of this disease in the population. This is the fourth edition of these guidelines which contains information on recommended standards and procedures for breast cancer screening and diagnostic services, including chapters on multi-disciplinary aspects of quality assurance, data collection and monitoring, effective communication of information, requirements of a specialist unit, and a certification protocol.
Mammography is an important tool for detecting breast cancer at an early stage. When coupled with appropriate treatment, early detection can reduce breast cancer mortality. At the request of Congress, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) commissioned a study to examine the current practice of mammography and breast cancer detection, with a focus on the FDA's oversight via the Mammography Quality Standards Act (MQSA), to identify areas in need of improvement. Enacted in 1993, MQSA provides a general framework for ensuring national quality standards in facilities performing screening mammography, requires that each mammography facility be accredited and certified, and mandates that facilities will undergo annual inspections. This book recommends strategies for achieving continued progress in assuring mammography quality, including changes to MQSA regulation, as well as approaches that do not fall within the purview of MQSA. Specifically, this book provides recommendations aimed at improving mammography interpretation; revising MQSA regulations, inspections, and enforcement; ensuring an adequate workforce for breast cancer screening and diagnosis; and improving breast imaging quality beyond mammography.