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Ever since Rachel Carson's Silent Spring, we have generally become aware of environmental contaminants and their effects on the ecosystem. The findin~ of PCB's in fish by Soren Jensen in Sweden, the recognition of mirex as contaminant in fish from Lake Ontario, and the discoveries of contaminant laden leachates from dumpsites such as the Love Canal have become milestones in the search for and charac terization of contaminants in our environment. At this time, the problem no longer is so much the identifi cation of contaminants and their sources. Rather, we are now faced with solving questions on the fates and effects of such compounds. This includes the search for mechanisms to deal effectively with the large number of chemicals already found in water, air and biota. One of such time and cost saving scientific avenues is the field of quantitative structure-activity correlations for the prediction of the environmental behavior and effects of compounds.
This book discusses the different aspects and fields of application of QSAR, such as: # Statistical techniques and estimation of physico-chemical properties # Environmental fate processes # Toxicokinetic behaviour # Environmental toxicity and mechanism of action # Application of QSAR in practice Moreover, presentations are included which deal with the mechanistic aspects of environmental fate and toxicity. Experts from these different fields ensure the exchange of information which will stimulate the development of QSAR. Another objective is to bring together the expertise of people working in the fields of drug design and the environmental sciences, since the underlying processes that lead to the beneficial effects of drugs are the same as those that cause the adverse effects of environmental pollutants. This excellent volume reflects developments at the cutting edge of a rapidly developing field.
Over the past few years, research in the field of quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) in chemistry, biology, pharmacology, toxicology, and environmental sciences has seen strong growth. New journals and books have appeared in each of these fields, however, the combination of QSAR and environmental sciences is still in its infancy. After the success of the Workshop on Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships (QSAR) in Environmental Toxicology, held at McMaster University, Aug ust 16-18, 1983, with the proceedings publ ished in 1984 [QSA R in Environmental Toxicology, Kaiser, K. L. E. (Ed. ), D. Reidel Pub!. Co. , Dordrecht, 406 p. , ISBN 90-277 -1776-1], it was time to hold another workshop in 1986. Indeed, the response by the scientific community was excellent with over 50 participants from Canada, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, India, Japan, The Netherlands, United States, and Yugoslavia. Moreover, both breadth and depth of papers given were significantly improved and the workshop discussions were intense and frank. Regrettably, the number of participants, number of papers given and submitted for these proceedings made it impossible to include the workshop discussions of these papers. However, several manuscripts were revised on the basis of these discussions and, therefore, do reflect this very interactive workshop. This volume presents the majority of papers given at the 2nd International Workshop on QSAR in Environmental Toxicology, held at McMaster University, June 9-13, 1986. Many of these papers contain primary, new scientific data, equations and results which will not appear elsewhere.
Based on the Lectures given during the Eurocourse on `Practical Applications of Quantitative Structure-Activity (QSAR) in Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology' held at the Joint Research Centre Ispra, Italy, June 11--15, 1990
After fifteen years and three editions, Introduction to Environmental Toxicology: Molecular Substructures to Ecological Landscapes has become a standard that defines the field of environmental toxicology, and the fourth edition is no exception. The authors take an integrated approach to environmental toxicology that emphasizes scale and context as important factors in understanding effects and management options. New in the Fourth Edition: New author, Dr. Ruth M. Sofield 8-page color insert New chapter on fate and transport of contaminants Emphasis on the use of all types of models in understanding how nature works Revised sections on synergy and atrazine toxicity Updated coverage of the analysis of impacts to populations, communities and ecosystems Enlarged risk assessment chapter with an in-depth description of a regional scale risk assessment This edition benefits from the insight of a new author, Dr. Ruth M. Sofield, who prepared the new chapter on the fate and transport of contaminants. The relationship between structure and toxicological properties has been a major theme of this book since its inception and this new chapter expands this fundamental concept to include fate and transport. In the early chapters the use of models in science is discussed and this theme carries throughout the rest of the book. So much has changed in the fifteen years since the publication of the first edition. The mid-1990s seem so long ago, when our understanding of environmental toxicology was very basic. Ecological risk assessment was in its very early stages and the consideration of the effects of toxicants on landscapes was only beginning. Computation was still hard, genes stayed put, and it was only becoming recognized that xenobiotics could have hormonal effects — developments that are taken for granted in this edition. Written by authors who teach this subject, a feature that is reflected in their straightforward style, the book provides a foundation for understanding environmental toxicology and its application.