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This book provides a systematic introduction to the fundamental concepts, major challenges, and effective solutions for Quality of Service in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Unlike other books on the topic, it focuses on the networking aspects of WSNs, discussing the most important networking issues, including network architecture design, medium access control, routing and data dissemination, node clustering, node localization, query processing, data aggregation, transport and quality of service, time synchronization, and network security. Featuring contributions from researchers, this book strikes a balance between fundamental concepts and new technologies, providing readers with unprecedented insights into WSNs from a networking perspective. It is essential reading for a broad audience, including academics, research engineers, and practitioners, particularly postgraduate/postdoctoral researchers and engineers in industry. It is also suitable as a textbook or supplementary reading for graduate computer engineering and computer science courses.
Dr.D.Usha, Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science, Mother Teresa Womens University, Kodaikanal, Tamil Nadu, India
"This Ebook brings together the latest developments and studies of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) and Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), which should provide a seedbed for new breakthroughs. It focuses on the most representative topics in MANETs and WSNs, s"
Abstract: Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have secured a role in many emerging applications spanning environmental, ecological, industrial, and commercial domains in which data are periodically sourced from sensors and used in monitoring and control. The ubiquity of network-based video streaming, largely in the form of monitoring equipment installed in administrative domains (cities, campuses, offices, highway systems) has been possible by increases in capability of low-cost cameras and computational devices. However the streaming of video data over wireless sensor networks has the nature of heavy data transmission load, relatively long data transmission period, severe inter- and intra-path interference, and unbalanced network energy consumption under severe energy constraints. These characteristics make it very difficult to achieve meaningful throughput performance for video data delivery over WSN. In this dissertation we focus on the development of practical throughput aware video data routing techniques optimized to data delivery cost to address the challenge of QoS support in end-to-end throughput achievement for bandwidth demanding video delivery in a large-scale, battery-operated sensor network. We utilize video data streaming throughput as the main metric to quantify the video delivery performance. We present a benchmark data routing algorithm to assure the throughput performance (QoS) of a data path via eliminating the impact of inter-path interference through path isolation. Extending the benchmark algorithm, we develop an interference-tolerant data routing algorithm to improve the general data egress rate of the entire network with some tolerant sacrifices of the throughput performance on each stream. The routing algorithms construct throughput-guaranteed end-to-end video delivery data paths based on accurate video delivery performance estimation. We present two analytical models in conjunction with simple proactive admission and congestion control strategies to enable accurate end-to-end data delivery throughput estimation with considerations of data stream's transmission rate, location, and relative positions. Simulations demonstrate that our estimation models are highly consistent with the measurement of the real data transmission scenario and our proposed data delivery scheme adapts to the optimal data rate about three times faster than a traditional CTS/RTS scheme without generating any jitter as observed in CTS/RTS. In addition, we exploit the option of deploying mobile base stations to support improved video delivery QoS. The proposed mobile base station deployment strategy improves the video delivery performances with the best effort to minimize the data delivery cost. As a complementary solution for the deployment of our routing scheme over WSNs, we develop a new code dissemination framework for generic WSN applications. Simulation and prototype implementation illustrate that our framework is almost five times faster for application code dissemination than traditional over the air programming strategy. Another contribution of this dissertation is the constellation graph of routing algorithms. It presents a clear way of selecting the most appropriate routing algorithm for a specific WSN application.
This brief provides an overview of recent developments in multi-hop routing protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). It introduces the various classifications of routing protocols and lists the pros and cons of each category, going beyond the conceptual overview of routing classifications offered in other books. Recently many researchers have proposed numerous multi-hop routing protocols and thereby created a need for a book that provides its readers with an up-to-date road map of this research paradigm. The authors present some of the most relevant results achieved by applying an algorithmic approach to the research on multi-hop routing protocols. The book covers measurements, experiences and lessons learned from the implementation of multi-hop communication prototypes. Furthermore, it describes future research challenges and as such serves as a useful guide for students and researchers alike.
A one-stop resource for the use of algorithms and protocols in wireless sensor networks From an established international researcher in the field, this edited volume provides readers with comprehensive coverage of the fundamental algorithms and protocols for wireless sensor networks. It identifies the research that needs to be conducted on a number of levels to design and assess the deployment of wireless sensor networks, and provides an in-depth analysis of the development of the next generation of heterogeneous wireless sensor networks. Divided into nineteen succinct chapters, the book covers: mobility management and resource allocation algorithms; communication models; energy and power consumption algorithms; performance modeling and simulation; authentication and reputation mechanisms; algorithms for wireless sensor and mesh networks; and algorithm methods for pervasive and ubiquitous computing; among other topics. Complete with a set of challenging exercises, this book is a valuable resource for electrical engineers, computer engineers, network engineers, and computer science specialists. Useful for instructors and students alike, Algorithms and Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks is an ideal textbook for advanced undergraduate and graduate courses in computer science, electrical engineering,and network engineering.
1.1 Network Two or more computers are connecting with each other for sharing resources is known as network. A group or system of interconnected people or networks. Computer world, the term network means two or more connected computers that can share resources like data and applications, office machines, an internet connection (IC) (Figure 1.1).
Overview and Goals Wireless communication technologies are undergoing rapid advancements. The last few years have experienced a steep growth in research in the area of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In WSNs, communication takes place with the help of spatially distributedautonomoussensornodesequippedtosensespeci?cinformation. WSNs, especially the ones that have gained much popularity in the recent years, are, ty- cally, ad hoc in nature and they inherit many characteristics/features of wireless ad hoc networks such as the ability for infrastructure-less setup, minimal or no reliance on network planning, and the ability of the nodes to self-organize and self-con?gure without the involvement of a centralized network manager, router, access point, or a switch. These features help to set up WSNs fast in situations where there is no existing network setup or in times when setting up a ?xed infrastructure network is considered infeasible, for example, in times of emergency or during relief - erations. WSNs ?nd a variety of applications in both the military and the civilian population worldwide such as in cases of enemy intrusion in the battle?eld, object tracking, habitat monitoring, patient monitoring, ?re detection, and so on. Even though sensor networks have emerged to be attractive and they hold great promises for our future, there are several challenges that need to be addressed. Some of the well-known challenges are attributed to issues relating to coverage and deployment, scalability, quality-of-service, size, computational power, energy ef?ciency, and security.
Wireless Sensor Networks have a wide range of applications in different areas. Their main constraint is the limited and irreplaceable power source of the sensor nodes. In many applications, energy conservation of the sensor nodes and their replacement or replenishment due to the hostile nature of the environment is the most challenging issue. Energy efficient clustering and routing are the two main important topics studied extensively for this purpose. This book focuses on the energy efficient clustering and routing with a great emphasis on the evolutionary approaches. It provides a comprehensive and systematic introduction of the fundamentals of WSNs, major issues and effective solutions.