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A description of the use of computer aided modeling and simulation in the development, integration and optimization of industrial processes. The two authors elucidate the entire procedure step-by-step, from basic mathematical modeling to result interpretation and full-scale process performance analysis. They further demonstrate similitude comparisons of experimental results from different systems as a tool for broadening the applicability of the calculation methods. Throughout, the book adopts a very practical approach, addressing actual problems and projects likely to be encountered by the reader, as well as fundamentals and solution strategies for complex problems. It is thus equally useful for student and professional engineers and chemists involved in industrial process and production plant design, construction or upgrading.
As indicated in Vol. 1, the purpose of this two-volume textbook is to pro vide students of engineering, science and applied mathematics with the spe cific techniques, and the framework to develop skill in using them, that have proven effective in the various branches of computational fluid dy namics Volume 1 describes both fundamental and general techniques that are relevant to all branches of fluid flow. This volume contains specific tech niques applicable to the different categories of engineering flow behaviour, many of which are also appropriate to convective heat transfer. The contents of Vol. 2 are suitable for specialised graduate courses in the engineering computational fluid dynamics (CFD) area and are also aimed at the established research worker or practitioner who has already gained some fundamental CFD background. It is assumed that the reader is famil iar with the contents of Vol. 1. The contents of Vol. 2 are arranged in the following way: Chapter 11 de velops and discusses the equations governing fluid flow and introduces the simpler flow categories for which specific computational techniques are considered in Chaps. 14-18. Most practical problems involve computational domain boundaries that do not conveniently coincide with coordinate lines. Consequently, in Chap. 12 the governing equations are expressed in generalised curvilinear coordinates for use in arbitrary computational domains. The corresponding problem of generating an interior grid is considered in Chap. 13.
Client/Server applications are of increasing importance in industry, and have been improved by advanced distributed object-oriented techniques, dedicated tool support and both multimedia and mobile computing extensions. Recent responses to this trend are standardized distributed platforms and models including the Distributed Computing Environment (DCE) of the Open Software Foundation (OS F), Open Distributed Processing (ODP), and the Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) of the Object Management Group (OMG). These proceedings are the compilation of papers from the technical stream of the IFIPIIEEE International Conference on Distributed Platforms, Dresden, Germany. This conference has been sponsored by IFIP TC6.1, by the IEEE Communications Society, and by the German Association of Computer Science (GI -Gesellschaft fur Informatik). ICDP'96 was organized jointly by Dresden University of Technology and Aachen University of Technology. It is closely related to the International Workshop on OSF DCE in Karlsruhe, 1993, and to the IFIP International Conference on Open Distributed Processing. ICDP has been designed to bring together researchers and practitioners who are studying and developing new methodologies, tools and technologies for advanced client/server environ ments, distributed systems, and network applications based on distributed platforms.
This book collects the papers presented at the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on "Ionization of Solids by Heavy Particles", held in Giardini-Naxos (Taormina), Italy, on June 1 -5, 1992. The meeting was the first to gather scientists to discuss the physics of electron emission and other ionization effects occurring during the interaction of heavy particles with condensed matter. The central problem in the field is how to use observations of electron emission and final radiation damage to understand what happens inside the solid, like excitation mechanisms, the propagation of the electronic excitation along different pathways, and surface effects. The ARW began with a brief survey of the field, stressing the unknowns. It was pointed out that ionization theories can only address the very particular case of weak perturbations. For this problem, this meant high speed, low-charged projectiles (a perturbation treatment of interactions with slow, highly charged ions was later presented). Only semi-empirical models exist for velocities lower than the Fermi velocity in the solid, which can be used to predict kinetic electron emission yields. These models, however, do not address the basic questions about the mechanisms for electron excitation, transport and escape through the surface layer.
Derak, Shesain, and the time crew are unexpectedly thrust 600 years into Thumar’s past. A planet wide plague is raging that our intrepid time travelers were destined to cure. They return to the future to discover that they’re actions dramatically changed their original timeline. With help from Derak’s brother, Robert, and the mysterious Time Lords of the universe, they set out across time, space, and dimension to fix their time paradox. Can they stop the space-time-continuum from tearing itself apart, and destroying the known universe?
The research on gaseous electronics reaches back more than 100 years. With the growing importance of gas lasers in so many research and industrial applications as well as power systems generating, transmitting, and distributing huge blocks of electrical power, the body of literature on cross sections, drift and diffusion, and ionization phenomena c
In this book, we introduce the parametrized, deformed and general activation function of neural networks. The parametrized activation function kills much less neurons than the original one. The asymmetry of the brain is best expressed by deformed activation functions. Along with a great variety of activation functions, general activation functions are also engaged. Thus, in this book, all presented is original work by the author given at a very general level to cover a maximum number of different kinds of neural networks: giving ordinary, fractional, fuzzy and stochastic approximations. It presents here univariate, fractional and multivariate approximations. Iterated sequential multi-layer approximations are also studied. The functions under approximation and neural networks are Banach space valued.