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Immigration from Puerto Rico from 1850 to 1925 to both California and to Hawaii is identified, and analyzed. Over 350 names of these immigrants were identified via an analysis of the U.S. Federal Census including the 1860, 1870, 1880, 1900, and 1910 Censuses were reviewed and names were identified, and extracted. Over 400 sources identified in the Bibliography, many of which are "primary sources", along with 32 "Exhibits" (photos, images, charts and tables) are presented.
This study was undertaken to provide insight into the circumstances of California's Puerto Ricans who are only now surfacing as a distinct Latino bloc within the State's larger Hispanic population. Research methods consisted of a demographic analysis of Puerto Ricans in California and interviews with community representatives and public officials to assess the needs of Puerto Ricans and their participation in government programs. Findings indicate: (1) the Puerto Rican community is dispersed throughout California; (2) Puerto Rican organizations are structured along social club lines and are primarily engaged in activities supporting the culture and language; (3) Puerto Ricans have had limited success in soliciting assistance from public agencies; (4) governmental social action agencies and other groups concerned with minority problems have not been aware of Puerto Ricans in California; (5) discrimination that follows from being Hispanic as well as from mislabeling as Mexican aliens affects Puerto Ricans; (6) Puerto Ricans have difficulty obtaining adequate social services; (7) bilingual education programs often do not meet the cultural needs of Puerto Rican students; (8) there is a lack of awareness by Federal and State agencies as to the existence of a Puerto Rican population in California; and (9) the nature of daily concerns of the Puerto Rican community has not been addressed by public officials or governmental agencies. (Author/MK).
First Published in 1999. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
In the early 1900s, workers from new U.S. colonies in the Philippines and Puerto Rico held unusual legal status. Denied citizenship, they nonetheless had the right to move freely in and out of U.S. jurisdiction. As a result, Filipinos and Puerto Ricans could seek jobs in the United States and its territories despite the anti-immigration policies in place at the time. JoAnna Poblete's Islanders in the Empire: Filipino and Puerto Rican Laborers in Hawai'i takes an in-depth look at how the two groups fared in a third new colony, Hawai'i. Using plantation documents, missionary records, government documents, and oral histories, Poblete analyzes how the workers interacted with Hawaiian government structures and businesses, how U.S. policies for colonial workers differed from those for citizens or foreigners, and how policies aided corporate and imperial interests. A rare tandem study of two groups at work on foreign soil, Islanders in the Empire offers a new perspective on American imperialism and labor issues of the era.
Latinos are the fastest growing population in America today. This two-volume encyclopedia traces the history of Latinos in the United States from colonial times to the present, focusing on their impact on the nation in its historical development and current culture. "Latino History and Culture" covers the myriad ethnic groups that make up the Latino population. It explores issues such as labor, legal and illegal immigration, traditional and immigrant culture, health, education, political activism, art, literature, and family, as well as historical events and developments. A-Z entries cover eras, individuals, organizations and institutions, critical events in U.S. history and the impact of the Latino population, communities and ethnic groups, and key cities and regions. Each entry includes cross references and bibliographic citations, and a comprehensive index and illustrations augment the text.